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The Eastern Woodlands

The Eastern Woodlands. Unit 1, Chapter 2, Lesson 2 Pages 62 – 67. Objectives. Describe how the Eastern Woodlands peoples adapted to their environment Locate the Eastern Woodlands cultural area and compare lifeways among its inhabitants. Life in the Eastern Woodland.

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The Eastern Woodlands

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  1. The Eastern Woodlands Unit 1, Chapter 2, Lesson 2 Pages 62 – 67

  2. Objectives • Describe how the Eastern Woodlands peoples adapted to their environment • Locate the Eastern Woodlands cultural area and compare lifeways among its inhabitants.

  3. Life in the Eastern Woodland • Stretched east of the Mississippi River • Name  the thick forests that covered the land • Villages built along banks of rivers and streams www.promotega.org

  4. A Common Resource • TREES • Shelter • Weapons • Tools • Canoes • Food: Cherries and plums

  5. Northeastern part of the Woodlands Soil was rocky People did more hunting and gathering Southern areas of the Woodlands Soil was better/richer with nutrients People would farm: beans, corn, squash Eastern Woodland People

  6. MEN Hunted animals for food Used antlers and bones to make tools Used spears & nets to catch fish Cleared land for planting WOMEN Prepared the food Used animal skins to make clothing & moccasins Planted & harvested crops (along with the children JOBS – Division of Labor

  7. Two Groups of Eastern Woodlands • Iroquois • Algonquian • Separated into these groups based on the languages they spoke

  8. IROQUOIS • Lived inland: Great Lake Region • PA, NY, & Lake Ontario of Canada • Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca • These tribes known as the Iroquois, or the FIVE NATIONS Iroquois Flag

  9. Iroquois Villages • Iroquois were farmers • Built on steep hills • PALISADES – walls of tall wooden poles Built around villages for protection

  10. Iroquois Shelters • Longhouses – long wooden building that could hold up to 50 people • Poles made from small trees, bent then covered with bark • Divided into sections • Held one to two families american-native-art.com

  11. Iroquois Crops • Three main crops: Corn, Beans, Squash • Crops called: Three Sisters • All three crops were planted in the same field • After a few years, soil less fertile • A new field would be cleared in another area

  12. CRAFTS • Wampum – beads cut from seashells • Used to make beaded designs • Traded & Exchanged for goods • Used to show: • Important decisions • Events • Stories warriors.warren.k12.il.us

  13. Iroquois League • Five nations often battled over control of hunting grounds • Hiawatha – saw family killed by another tribe • He was to kill those who killed his family • He wanted fighting to stop

  14. Hiawatha • Leaves his village to meet with Deganawida (deh-gahn-uh-WEE-duh) • Deganawida known as the Peacemaker • Eventually, they convinced the Five Nations to unite and work together

  15. United Iroquois • Formed about A.D. 1570 • Acted as a Confederation • Confederation – loose group of governments working together • Representatives were sent from all tribes • Grand Council – settled disputes among the people peacefully

  16. What was used to make longhouses? • Trees bent to make the frame and covered with bark

  17. Why were trees important to the Eastern Woodlands? • Provided the wood used to make tools, canoes, shelter, and were also a source of food.

  18. ALGONQUIAN • Three tribes that lived along the coastal plain: • Delaware • Wampanoag • Powhatan

  19. ALGONQUIAN • Other tribes that lived inland, around the Great Lakes: • Ottawa • Chippewa • Miami

  20. Algonquian Homes • Some groups built longhouses like the Iroquois • Others built round, bark-covered shelters • Wigwams • Built like longhouses: small trees bent, tied together into a dome shape, then covered with bark

  21. Algonquian Food • Did not rely on farming • FISHED • Built canoes • Used animal bones & wood to make hooks and fishing traps www.buckskinnerweb.com

  22. MEN Wore shirts Leggins Moccasins All made from deerskin WOMEN Wore dresses Made from deerskin Clothing

  23. Government • Algonquian groups had leaders who governed more than one village • Some had two chiefs: • one for matters of peace • one for matters of war

  24. Ceremonies • Marriage Ceremonies • Man had to show he was a good hunter • Woman had to show she was a good homemaker • Couple would marry by exchanging gifts and inviting their families to a feast

  25. How did the diet of the Algonquian differ from that of the Iroquois? • The Algonquian ate more fish, while the Iroquois relied more on crops

  26. How is the term confederation related to the Iroquois League? • The Iroquois League was a confederation of different groups

  27. Why did the Iroquois groups choose to come together to form the Iroquois League? • The groups thought they could better protect themselves and their way of life if they cooperated.

  28. THE END

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