1. Eastern Woodlands 8-1.1

2. I. North American Native Americans • Native American nations were divided into groups based on location and language. • Eastern Woodlands were the 1st to encounter Europeans. • SC tribes shared the Algonquin language and oral history.

3. II. Culture • Eastern Woodlands were affected by the geography of where they lived. • They used rivers for food and transportation. • They used rock, wood, & animal pelts to make tools and clothing.

4. II. Culture • Tree trunks were turned into canoes. • Homes were made of animal pelts and tree bark. • Rocks & bones were used for bow and arrow and spears.

5. III. Farming • Fertile land allowed for farming. • Land wasn’t privately owned. It was ‘owned’ by the tribe. • Women did most of the farming using simple tools made of wood, rock, & bone. • Often used slash & burn agriculture. • Cut trees and burn brush to clear the land and force out animals.

6. III. Farming • Primary crops were: • Corn • Pole beans • Squash • Pumpkins • Bottle gourds • Tobacco • Corn, pole beans, & squash were known as the “three sisters.”

7. IV. Cherokee • Cherokee lived in the foothills & mountains. • They called themselves “the real people” and were very powerful. • Lived in big villages of up to 600 with palisades for protection. • Summer homes were open and winter homes built of grass and clay (daub).

8. IV. Cherokee • Men fished by poisoning water with walnut bark. • Scooped up fish when they floated to the top. • Village leaders met as a council to make decisions. • White leaders led during peaceful times. • Red leaders led during times of war. • Each village had a holy man or woman.

9. V. Catawba • Catawba lived along the rivers in the Piedmont. • Called themselves the “river people.” • Homes were wigwams made of sapling frames with bark covering. • Had council houses in villages where leaders made rules. • Catawba were excellent potters.

10. VI. Yemassee • Yemassee were originally from Spanish Florida. • Moved to SC near the Savannah River to escape Spanish governor. • Lived near the beach in wigwams covered in palmetto fronds. • They fled back to Florida after losing the Yemassee War with the settlers.

11. VII. Europeans • Europeans traded iron tools, weapons, & guns for furs and deerskin. • As settlers became more wealthy and numerous, they: • Took over more land. • Cheated natives in trade. • Forced natives into slavery. • All this changed the relationship from peaceful to hostile between settlers and natives.