Final Review

1. Final Review

2. FCS 2006–20072nd Semester Exam Schedule

3. Macbeth Be familiar with plot, characters, themes, etc. Review Macbeth Quote tests, discussion slides (to follow)

4. Questions for Scene 3 • How does Banquo feel about the witches’ predictions? • How does Macbeth feel?

5. Questions for Scene 4 • Who is the topic of conversation at the start of scene 4? • How might Duncan’s words to Macbeth, as Macbeth enters, seem ironic? • How does Macbeth feel now that Malcolm has been named Prince of Cumberland? • Do we have any clues about how he will behave in the future?

6. BritLIT Let’s play “Scattergories” Make a list of synonyms for these words: (see how many you can get) man woman thin

7. thin woman man skinny light small • What are the differences in meaning between the words? (ie thin & skinny?) • Which are the more powerful words in each list? Why?

8. Denotation/Connotation denotation: the literal, “dictionary” definition connotation: a secondary meaning • A word’s power is determined in part by the associations one brings to the word. • Examples?

9. So foul and fair a day I have not seen Make a list of synonyms for “foul” and “fair” cloudy and clear nasty and beautiful rotten and just ugly and adequate • The denotations and connotations of a word can impact the understanding of a sentence.

10. So foul and fair a day I have not seen • This sentence has a paradoxical nature. • Can you think of any other contradictions like this one in scene 3? • The witches seem to be women, but they have beards (line 47-49) • “Lesser than Macbeth and greater” (line 68 • “Not so happy, yet much happier” (line 69) • Keep an eye out for paradoxes as they will appear throughout the play.

11. Stressing Stress stress: the relative force with which a sound or syllable is spoken. “He was a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust.” Read the sentence, stressing the word “he” “was” “gentleman” How does stress change the meaning of the sentence? “I” “absolute” “trust”

12. Inflection Inflection: a change in pitch or tone of the voice. “Is execution done on Cawdor?” Read the sentence, rising the voice (implying a question) Read again, lowering the voice (implying a statement) How does inflection change the meaning of the sentence?

13. Nonverbal Communication Have ‘Malcolm’ sit in the front of the room. Have ‘Duncan’ walk slowly toward the seated Malcolm, cross his arms, and stare at him without saying a word. This is nonverbal communication. What meaning was implied? Repeat the scenario, with Duncan finally saying, “Is execution done on Cawdor?” How does the meaning change?

14. In your W.N., • Write three sentences often said to you by someone close to you: a parent, a brother or sister, a friend. • Indicate the typical inflection and meaning for each; then vary the inflection and tell how this changes the meaning.

15. Let’s watch the Soliloquy: (close your books)

16. “If it Were Done When ‘Tis Done” • Arrange seats in a circle and open up to 1.7.1-28 • Read, in turn (clockwise), stopping at any long pauses (colons, semicolons) or hard stops (periods, exclamations, question marks). READ

17. “If it Were Done When ‘Tis Done” • When does Macbeth think he should commit the murder? • What reasons does he give against murdering Duncan? • Which reasons are the strongest?

18. “If it Were Done When ‘Tis Done” • Read, again, but this time in two choruses. Half the class will read first, stopping at any long pauses (colons, semicolons) or hard stops (periods, exclamations, question marks), then the other half reads, etc. • Increase your volume as you read, so that by the time the reading has been finished it sounds as if the two groups are yelling angrily at one another. READ

19. “If it Were Done When ‘Tis Done” • What conflicting feelings does Macbeth have as he contemplates the murder of Duncan?

20. The Seduction Scene • Finish reading Scene 7, and see how Lady Macbeth impacts Macbeth’s conflict of action.

21. You Need your Textbook Today • Get out your Act 1 Word Journal Conclusion to be graded. • After the test, begin reading Act 2, working on your Act 2 Word Journal.

22. “Look Like th’ Innocent Flower, But Be the Serpent Under ‘t”

23. Subtext “You’ve made me very happy, dear.” Subtext: the thought we imagine a character has as he speaks Subtext: • “You just promoted me to a better job.” • “You just told me I won the lottery.” • You just wrecked my new car.” • “I don’t care about anyone else; you are my hero.”

24. Subtext “Oh, no you won’t.” Create some possible subtexts • a father. • “you step over that line, and you die” • a spy. • “I’ll foil your evil plans, Dr. Evil” • a boyfriend/girlfriend. • “You won’t really hit me”

25. Shakespearean Subtext Young Siward: “What is thy name?” Macbeth: “Thou’lt be afraid to hear it.” Young Siward: This is boring. I wish I were somewhere else. Macbeth: I’m going to scare the wits out of this little nerd. Young Siward: I’m scared to death of this monster. Macbeth: I’m going to rip this guy apart. Young Siward: I hate this killer. Macbeth: What’s the use of fighting any longer?

26. Shakespearean Subtext • Read 1.5 – 1.6 • Pick five sentences and write a subtext for each.

27. Subtext in 1.5-1.6 • Summary of 1.5. • Lady Macbeth reads a letter from her husband telling about his promotion and saying that King Duncan will be visiting in their castle tonight. She greets him with plans to kill Duncan. • Let’s read. • Any subtext?

28. BritLit 2/26 • If you were absent Thursday/Friday, get a “Subtext Lesson” from the lecturn. • Get out your Act 1 Word Journal to be graded. • Then take a look at Act 1 Scene 6: • Summary - Lady Macbeth welcomes Duncan to Inverness • Finish reading it if you haven’t already. • Any key lines? • Subtext?

29. Let’s watch the Soliloquy: (close your books)

30. “If it Were Done When ‘Tis Done” • Arrange seats in a circle and open up to 1.7.1-28 • Read, in turn (clockwise), stopping at any long pauses (colons, semicolons) or hard stops (periods, exclamations, question marks). READ

31. “If it Were Done When ‘Tis Done” • When does Macbeth think he should commit the murder? • What reasons does he give against murdering Duncan? • Which reasons are the strongest?

32. “If it Were Done When ‘Tis Done” • Read, again, but this time in two choruses. Half the class will read first, stopping at any long pauses (colons, semicolons) or hard stops (periods, exclamations, question marks), then the other half reads, etc. • Increase your volume as you read, so that by the time the reading has been finished it sounds as if the two groups are yelling angrily at one another. READ

33. “If it Were Done When ‘Tis Done” • What conflicting feelings does Macbeth have as he contemplates the murder of Duncan?

34. The Seduction Scene • Finish reading Scene 7, and see how Lady Macbeth impacts Macbeth’s conflict of action.

35. FINAL REVIEW The Russian Revolution • Be familiar with the characters in the Russian Revolution as well as those in Animal Farm. • Allegory, Symbolism

36. Yes, this assignment is for British Literature, and yes, though it is “Russian” it will apply to British Literature… Just wait… The Russian Revolution What do you know about the following ‘characters’: • Csar Nicholas II • Karl Marx • Vladimir Lenin • Josef Stalin • Leon Trotsky

37. Communism & The Russian Revolution

39. George Orwell • Read the biography on Orwell on pg. 936… • What’s his connection to the Russian Revolution?

40. Czar Nicholas II – Ruler of Russia.

41. Russian Revolution Socialism vs. Communism Karl Marx – Communist Manifesto - proletariat (the hard working lower class) will overthrow the ruling class.

42. Lenin takes action and puts together the Bolshevik Party – an anti-czarist movement. Communist Party revolted against the Czar claiming to bring equality

43. Russian Revolution of 1917

44. After Lenin’s Death, there was a struggle for power among the Communist Party

45. Stalin & Trotsky fight for control of the Soviet Union Stalin wants to defend his Socialist country, and emphasize agriculture. Trotsky wants to focus on industrialization and spread the concept of communism throughout the world

46. Stalin drives out Trotsky and takes control of the Soviet Union, using his powerful Secret Police and his Propaganda, “Pravda” to rule.

47. Work on Animal Farm Ch.1-3 Old Major Mr. Jones Snowball Napoleon Squealer Boxer Clover Benjamin Moses Mollie Frederick Pilkington Whymper • Create a Character list of the characters and a brief description to help you keep tabs on them.

48. Symbolism vs. Allegory • A symbol is a word, place, character, or object that means something beyond what it is on a literal level. • Symbolism is the act of using a word, place, character, or object in such a way. • For instance, consider the stop sign. It is literally a metal octagon painted red with white streaks. However, everyone on the road will be much safer if we understand that this object also represents the act of coming to a complete stop--an idea hard to encompass briefly without some sort of symbolic substitute. • An object, a setting, or even a character in literature can represent another, more general idea. Note, however, that symbols function perfectly well in isolation from other symbols as long as the reader already knows their assigned meaning. • Allegory, however, does not work that way; allegory requires symbols working in conjunction with each other.

49. Symbolism vs. Allegory • An allegory involves using many interconnected symbols or allegorical figures in such as way that in nearly every element of the narrative has a meaning beyond the literal level, i.e., everything in the narrative is a symbol that relates to other symbols within the story. • The allegorical story, poem, or play can be read either literally or as a symbolic statement about a political, spiritual, or psychological truth. • The word allegory derives from the Greek allegoria ("speaking otherwise"): The term loosely describes any story in verse or prose that has a double meaning. This narrative acts as an extended metaphor in which the plot or events reveal a meaning beyond what occurs in the text, creating a moral, spiritual, or even political meaning.

50. Animal Farm • George Orwell’s Animal Farm is an allegory-full of symbols. • What “symbols” appear in Orwell’s Animal Farm? • Help yourself out: make a list.