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The Reformation

Explore the factors that weakened the Catholic Church, including corruption and political conflict. Learn about the criticism of the Church and how it earned money. Discover the Great Schism and the split within the Church. Study the reformers and Martin Luther's confrontation with the Church. Witness the growth of the Reformation through Calvinism and the establishment of the Church of England.

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The Reformation

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  1. The Reformation Objective: Analyze the causes, course, and effects of the Reformation 7th grade World History

  2. The Weakening of the Catholic Church • 2 major problems weakening the Catholic Church: • Corruption within the Church • Political conflict between the monarchy and papacy

  3. Criticism of the Church • The Church owned1/3 of the lands and leaders needed large sums of money • Church financial spending angered many people • Corruption: The clergy often broke their vows and some seemed to ignore Christian values altogether.

  4. Criticism of the Church: How they earned Money • Europeans paid taxes to the Church, while the Church did not have to pay any taxes to the monarchy • Objection to the sale of indulgences, pardons from sins. • Objection to simony -the buying and selling of spiritual or holy things • Clergy spent large sums of money on arts and own personal pleasures.

  5. Criticism of the Church: corruption • By the 1300s, many Catholics felt that the church had become far too wordly and corrupt. • Many priests, monks, and nuns broke their holy vows not to marry or have children. • Some church leaders behaved like royalty instead of humble servants of God, living in elegant palaces and wore jeweled robes.

  6. Political Conflict:The Great Schism • In 1305, Pope Clement V moved the center of the Church to Avignon, France • Since then, most of the popes were French • People felt the French king was controlling the pope and wanted to move the center back to Rome.

  7. The Split… • The church split into two sides, one with a center at Rome and the other at Avignon. • Each side elected a pope who had same powers – 2 popes • This causedconfusion and doubt among the Christians and weakened the Church • In 1417 the two popes resigned and church officials elected a new pope based in Rome who began to unify the Church again

  8. Reformers… • John Wycliffe (England) questioned the pope’s right to levy taxes and appoint church officials without the king’s approval. Translated the Bible into Englishvernacular. • Desiderius Erasmus, a humanist from Holland, criticized the clergy for neglecting Christian values, but also criticized reformers for trying to divide the Church.

  9. Martin Luther Confronts the Church • Martin Luther was a German monk and scholar who believed that people could only be saved through faith in Christ and disapproved of the sale of indulgences • In 1517 in Wittenberg, Martin Lutherwrote all his complaints in his Ninety-Five Theses and nailed it to the door of the Castle Church.

  10. Luther’s Ninety-Five Theses • Main Ideas of Lutheranism • The Bible is the only source of religious truth and everyone should have access to it • People do not need the clergy to interpret the Bible • Salvation can be gained through faith in Christ (NOT the sale of indulgences)

  11. Protestants • In 1529, some German Princes united against Martin Luther and were loyal to the Catholic Church • Other Princes supported Luther and signed a “protest”and became known as “Protestants”, term used for any Christians who broke away from the Catholic Church.

  12. Printing of the Bible from Latin to vernacular, as a result people could read and interpret the Bible for themselves The Printed Word

  13. Luther’s Ideas Spread… • Priests who agreed with Luther preached his ideas • Merchants spread Luther’s ideas along trade routes • Peasants used Luther’s ideas to justify revolts (humanism)

  14. The Reformation Grows • Calvinism • John Calvin believed in predestination – the belief that a person’s salvation is determined before birth and cannot be changed • The Church of England (The Anglican Church) • King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife, the pope would not grant his divorce, so Henry rejected the power of the pope and founded the Church of England (Anglican Church

  15. Church Divisions Christianity Eastern Orthodox Catholicism Protestantism Lutheran Calvinist Anglican

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