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Concentration of Disadvantage: Indicators and Manifestations in Australian Communities

This document explores the nature of disadvantage as it manifests in various Australian communities. It highlights how disadvantages tend to concentrate among specific populations, often resulting in cumulative negative effects on health and social well-being. Key indicators include social distress factors, health outcomes, community safety issues, economic barriers, and education deficiencies. Statistical units such as postcodes and local government areas are examined, revealing alarming trends in child maltreatment, long-term unemployment, and incarceration across different states.

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Concentration of Disadvantage: Indicators and Manifestations in Australian Communities

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  1. NATURE OF INDICATORS MANIFESTATIONS OF DISADVANTAGE Vs PRESUMED BEARERS OF DISADVANTAGE

  2. CONCENTRATION OF DISADVANTAGE • DISADVANTAGES TEND TO CONCENTRATE AMONG THE SAME PEOPLE AND THEIR EFFECTS ON HEALTH ARE CUMULATIVE (WHO, 1998) • SIMPLY INCLUDING AVAILABLE CENSUS INFORMATION NOT ADVISABLE (CARSTAIRS & MORRIS, 1991)

  3. UNITS OF STUDY • Postcodes: Victoria (726), NSW (647), ACT (24) • Statistical Local Areas (SLAs): • Queensland (459), South Australia (114) • Local Government Areas (LGAs): • Tasmania (29), Western Australia (142)

  4. (1) SOCIAL DISTRESS: low family income, rental stress, home purchase stress, lone person households. • (2) HEALTH: low birth-weight, childhood injuries, immunisation, disability / sickness support, life expectancy, psychiatric patients: hospital / community, suicide. • (3) COMMUNITY SAFETY: child maltreatment, criminal convictions, imprisonment, domestic violence. • (4) ECONOMIC: unskilled workers, unemployment, long-term unemployment, dependency ratio, low mean taxable income, limited computer use / internet access. • (5) EDUCATION: non-attendance at preschool, incomplete education, early school leaving, post-schooling qualifications.

  5. RECURRING CHARACTERISTICS • deficient education and training across the population • deficient labour market credentials • indifferent health and disabilities • low individual and family income • engagement in crime, and • where these characteristics are concentrated, confirmed child maltreatment.

  6. 3% most disadvantaged • WESTERN AUSTRALIA (5) • Prison admissions x 15.0 • Long term unemployment x 5.5 • Disability/sickness support x 4.75 • QUEENSLAND (14) • Child maltreatment x 3.0 • Prison admissions x 3.0 • NSW (20) • Child maltreatment x 4.5 • Prison admissions x 3.5 • VICTORIA (22) • Yr 12 incomplete x 3.0 • SOUTH AUSTRALIA (4) • Child maltreatment x 3.75 • Long term unemployment x 3.2

  7. FORTHCOMING… • COMPENDIUM OF HEADLINE INDICATORS (SOCIAL INCLUSION BOARD) • STRATEGIC STOCK-TAKE (SOCIAL INCLUSION UNIT, PM&C)

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