1. Communism in China • Communism -a political system in which the government owns all property and dominates all aspects of life in a country

2. The End of the Qing Dynasty • overthrown in 1912 by Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian) • Founded Kuomintang (KMT) – Nationalist party • Spread the idea of democracy in China • After Sun died he was replaced by Chiang Kai-Shek

3. Mao Zedong • Many young people felt that the new government did not bring order to China • Formed the Chinese Communist Party in 1921 • Believed peasants would be the true revolutionaries and recruits a peasant army

4. The Long March • Mao recruits a peasant guerilla army • 1933 Chiang’s army surrounds Mao’s army • Long March-Communist’s 6,000 mile journey to safety in the north • Of the 100,000 communists, only 7,000-8,000 survive

5. Civil War Ends • Mao’s Red Army(Communists) defeats Chiang Kai- Shek (Nationalist) in 1949. • CHINA Becomes COMMUNIST • Nationalist flee to Taiwan where they find the Republic of China

6. The People’s Republic of China • Mao becomes the head of China’s new government • takes over all private farms, businesses, and factories

7. The Great Leap Forward • Farms organized into large collectives(public not private farms) • All ownership and decision making would be in the hands of the government • Farmers didn’t like • Widespread catastrophe – famine – at least 14,000,000 deaths • Abandoned in 1960

8. Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) • Some people began wanting private ownership • As a result Mao established a Red Guard(young college students) • Job was to make war on anything that encouraged class differences • Many college professors, business leaders were attacked

9. Deng Xiaoping • Mao dies in 1976 • Deng Xiaoping leader from 1980-1997 • More moderate • Allows farmers to own some land, some private business • Opened China to foreign investment and new technology • The result-Chinese people exposed to western ideas

10. Tiananmen Square Massacre • 1989 over 10,000 students gathered to protest • called for a move to democracy • Chinese troops came and killed around 1,000 demonstrators • The pro-democracy movement ended • Although Deng allowed greater economic freedoms, there were never any political freedoms

11. China Today • Issues include: • Balancing limited capitalism with communist ideals • Environmental pollution • Unequal male-to-female ratios resulting from One-Child Policy • Control of Tibet