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Chapter 4 Blending， Backformation and Shortening

Chapter 4 Blending， Backformation and Shortening. Blending is a process of word formation by which a word is created by combining parts of other words. Words formed in this way are called blends. From morphological viewpoints, there are four types of blending:.

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Chapter 4 Blending， Backformation and Shortening

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  1. Chapter 4 Blending， Backformation and Shortening

  2. Blending is a process of word formation by which a word is created by combining parts of other words. Words formed in this way are called blends. From morphological viewpoints, there are four types of blending:

  3. 1. The first part of the first word + the last part of the second word: botel: boat + hotel 汽艇游客旅馆 smaze: smoke + haze 烟霾 advertistics: advertising + statistics 广告统计学

  4. autocide: automobile + suicide 撞车自杀 altiport: altitude + airport 高山短距起落机场 ballute: balloon + parachute 减速汽球 chunnel: channel + tunnel 海峡隧道 lunacast: lunar + telecast 登月电视广播

  5. 2. the whole part of the first word + last part of the second word: carbecue: car + barbecue 一种用火烤法处理废弃车辆 的熔车装置 jazzotheque: jazz + discotheque 爵士音乐夜总会 lunarnaut: lunar + astronaut 登月宇宙航行员

  6. Nixonomics: Nixon + economics 尼克松的经济政策 workfare : work + welfare 工作福利

  7. 3. the whole form of the second word + the first part of the first word: helipad: helicopter + pad 直升飞机升降场 medicaid: medical + aid 美国的医疗补助方案 medicare: medical + care 医疗照顾方案

  8. Eurasian: Europe + Asian 欧亚混血儿 motown: motor + town 汽车城

  9. 4. the first part of the first word + the first part of the second word: psywar: psychological + warfare 心里战 Amerind: American + Indian 美洲印第安人 memcon: memorandum + conversation 谈话记录

  10. sitcom: situation + comedy 情景喜剧 comint: communications + intelligence 通讯情报 humint: human + intelligence 间谍情报 comsat: communications + satellite 通讯卫星

  11. The words formed in this way are often regarded as nonce words. However , some words have been accepted into standard English such as brunch, smog, motel.

  12. It seems in scientific fields, this process of word formation is especially useful in lexicalizing a scientific concept: telex: teleprinter + exchange 用户直通电报 pulsar: pulse + quasar 脉冲星

  13. skylab: sky + laboratory 空中实验室 biorhythm: biological + rhythm 生理节奏 mascon: mass + concentration 质量密集

  14. Some of the blends are especially effective in certain contexts: e.g A longtime Nixon backer, he assumes a dawk stance on the problem. dawk: dove + hawk 介乎鸽派和鹰派之间的中间人物

  15. e.g. The whole area have been turned into one huge autopia. autopia: auto + utopia 轿车适宜行驶的地区

  16. Backformation Backformation is a process of word formation by which a word is formed by deleting the supposed affixes:

  17. 1. From nouns a: peddle: from peddler b: burgle: from burglar c: beg: from beggar d: orate: from orator

  18. e: auth: from author f: emote: from emotion g: caretake: from caretaker h: free-associate: from free-association i: enthuse: from enthusiasm

  19. 2. From adjectives a: peeve: from peevish b: gloom: from gloomy c: frivol: from frivolous d: cose or coze: from cosy

  20. e: laze: from lazy f: greed: from greedy g: grue: from gruesome

  21. 3. By dropping the supposed prefix a: flappable: from unflappable 易惊慌的 b: ept: from inept

  22. Shortening ( Abbreviation )

  23. a: phone: from telephone 1. Clipped words 1) to clip the front part of a word b: varsity: from university c: chute: from parachute

  24. 2) to clip the back part of a word a: ad: advertisement b: exam: examination c: mod: modern d: pro: professional

  25. e: demo: demonstration f: exp.: exposition g: memo: memorandum h: lib: liberation

  26. 3) to clip both the front and the back parts of a word a: flu: influenza b: Tec: detective c: fridge: refrigerator

  27. 4） Phrase clippings: pub: public house pop-singer: popular song singer lube: lubricating oil

  28. Initialises: Initialisms are words formed by the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters:

  29. C.O.D: cash on delivery EEC: European Economic Community FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation e.g.: exempli gratia: for example

  30. Acronyms: Acronyms are words formed by the initial letters of words and pronounced as words:

  31. OPEC: Organisation of Petroleum Export Countries SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation

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