David Wald Coordinator , Real-time Products Research & Development U. S. Geological Survey

1. “DID YOU FEEL IT?”Participatory Science on the Web David Wald Coordinator, Real-time Products Research & Development U. S. Geological Survey wald@usgs.gov USGS National Earthquake Information Center, Golden, Colorado

2. (Advanced National Seismic System)

3. Road Map: GSA, Denver, October, 2007 • What is “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI?) • Examples • How DYFI? helps with earthquake monitoring and science • Citizen science, educational, and social science aspects of DYFI?

4. • Answers to these specific questions are very diagnostic of earthquake intensity. • We have calibrated the system against Modified Mercalli Intensities from past earthquakes. • We average the responses for each ZIP code area & color-code the intensity in that ZIP region.

5. Magnitude 6.0 Parkfield, California, 2004

6. 12,000/hour Magnitude 6.0 Parkfield, California, 2004

7. Magnitude 5.1 Alabama, 2002 4.6

8. Dec 9, 20043, M4.5 Columbia, Virginia Aug 2, 2006, M4.4 Santa Rosa, California

9. Magnitude 5.6, Dillion, Montana, 2005 Montana Idaho Wyoming

10. Global Intensity Reports: USGS “Did You Feel It?” M9.1 Sumatra: Dec 24, 2006 M7.5 Peru: Sep 26, 2005 (Deep)

11. DID YOU FEEL IT?Statistics • Operational in CA since ’99; US since ’01, & globally since ’05 • Over 3/4 million individual entries received in the US alone • To date, in 2007, more than 1,000 reports were submitted for each of 25 U.S. earthquakes. • Max. no. responses ~30,000; max. entry rate of 12,000/hr (>3 per sec). Web hits > 1,000 per sec. • Max. in one ZIP code for M6.8 Nisqually, WA earthquake (621 responses in Redmond, WA!) D. Wald, USGS

12. DID YOU FEEL IT?Capabilities • USGS can now automatically collect intensity data for all felt earthquakes in the US & thousands to tens of thousands of data points for urban earthquakes. • Magnitude <2.0 events reported in New England, Central US (well below routine reporting level for most seismic networks). • Now capture felt reports for the Space Shuttle, Sonic Booms (military aircraft) & Bolides. • DYFI allows immediate, quality & cost effective means for collecting a large quantity of macroseismic intensity data (Replaces Postal Questionnaires, which were slow, expensive) • Web-based user interface, feedback, and maps are immediately available. • DYFI? data worldwide helps constrain ShakeMap, and PAGER • Can automatically Geocode entries to latitude/longitude for more details. D. Wald, USGS

13. Molokai Oahu Maui Hawaii 1479 Geocoded Responses Mag. 6.7 Hawaii, 2006

14. Population Per Intensity Seismic Intensity Reported Intensities PAGER

20. DID YOU FEEL IT?CITIZEN SCIENCE citizen science

22. Over 3/4 Million Individual Responses Nationally! (7 Years of DYFI? Data)

23. Atkinson & Wald (2007)

24. Intensity Vs. Distance [Magnitude] Western US Eastern US From Atkinson & Wald (2007) Intensity Distance From Fault (km)

25. The end of the quesionnaire allows space for unlimited length first-person accounts. • We have tens of thousands of responses, many fascinating, ranging from comical to horrific. • These earthquake experiences accounts contain valuable data about how people perceive, prepare, and respond to earthquakes. Celsi, Wolfinbarger, and Wald, 2004

26. DID YOU FEEL IT?Involving Students Shandon, CA, Elementary School, 12 km south of the Mag. 6 Parkfield epicenter (Intensity VI) name = Ms. Small's 4th Grade Class situation = in a classromm in a school building response = got under the desks building_details = concrete and plaster school building Comments = Nicholas Cuellar (School volunteer) - The earthquake hit Shandon Elementary School right before recess. It was jarring. The buildings were shaking a lot in a side-to-side motion. All of the Students did a great job of immediately getting under their desks and then with lining up in an orderly fashion and evacuating to the field (the drills work!). Many students were scared, some were just excited. All in all it was an experience that they will never forget and will be talked about for the rest of the school year. Below are the statements of several students from Ms. Small's 4th grade class at Shandon Elemenatry School. Tanner Engstron - "It was kinda fun, how it moved." Jose Lopez - "It was cool and awesome." Jacqueline Echeverria - "I was frightened cause I didn't have shelter, my desk fell. I wanted to cry." Carina Ramirez - "I got very frightened because I have never felt an earthquake before." Berenice Rodrigeuz - "I felt really, really scared and sad because my friends were sad and crying." Kahley Schnore - "I felt the I was scared and it was freaky." Taylor Machado - "After the earthquake I felt shaky. I was scared too." Sarah Malcolm - "I thought the earthquake was scary, kind of." Alexi Vargas - "It was fun because it started when we were getting ready to go to recess." Chevelle Doane - "It was shocking. I got scared." Margarita Rodriguez - "I was scared and worried. I was worried that my pets, my mom and my grandmom were hurt."

27. http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/ Courtesy of Lisa Wald, USGS

28. Courtesy of Lisa Wald, USGS

29. Follow Up Web Resources US Geological Survey’s earthquake program: http://earthquake.usgs.gov “Did you feel it?” http://earthquake.usgs.gov/dyfi Earthquakes for teachers: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/4teachers Earthquakes for kids: http://earthquake.usgs.gov/4kids U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey