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Diabetes

This training provides an overview of diabetes, including statistics, the different types, blood glucose management, nutrition, and prevention. It also dispels common myths about diabetes.

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Diabetes

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  1. Diabetes FNEP STAFF TRAINING ONLY, DO NOT USE WITH FNEP PARTICIPANTS Melissa Bess Nutrition and Health Education Specialist 07/2007

  2. Overview • Statistics • What is diabetes? • Blood glucose • Types of diabetes • Diabetes pyramid/nutrition • Relation to other chronic diseases • Prevention • Are you at risk? • Myths about diabetes

  3. Statistics • 20.8 million children and adults • 7% of the population • 14.6 million = diagnosed • 6.2 million = unaware • About equal in men and women • 2 to 4 times higher in non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanic/Latino American, American Indian, and Asian/Pacific than non-Hispanic whites • 5th deadliest disease in U.S., no cure

  4. What is diabetes? • Carbs digested into glucose • Glucose = energy for cells • Insulin (hormone) “unlocks” cells for glucose • In diabetes: • Not enough insulin • Insulin doesn’t work properly • Exact cause is mystery but genetics and environment plays a role

  5. When things work correctly Glucose enters the cell

  6. What goes wrong in diabetes (Slide depicts insulin resistance – Body can’t use insulin)

  7. Blood glucose • Hypoglycemia • Low blood glucose • Hyperglycemia • High blood glucose • Fasting blood glucose • Healthy = under 100 • Pre-diabetes = 100-125 • Diabetes – 125 or higher

  8. Types of diabetes • Type I • Body does NOT produce insulin • 5-10% of Americans • Used to be called “juvenile-onset” • Type II • Insulin resistance – body doesn’t use insulin properly • May be combined with insulin deficiency • Larger percentage of people • Used to be called “adult-onset”

  9. Types of diabetes • Gestational diabetes • 4% of pregnant women in the U.S. each year • Usually goes away after pregnancy • Pre-diabetes • Higher blood glucose levels than normal, but not high enough for diagnosis • 54 million Americans • Proper steps can delay or prevent diabetes

  10. Symptoms of developing diabetes • Extreme thirst • Frequent urination • Unexplained weight loss • Contact a doctor if you exhibit these symptoms

  11. Diabetes pyramid/nutrition Source: American Diabetes Association

  12. Diabetes pyramid/nutrition • Carbs • What food groups are higher in carbs? • Differences from Mypyramid • Serving sizes • Heart-healthy eating • Fiber, vitamins, minerals, etc.

  13. Chronic diseases • Those with diabetes: • 2x higher risk for heart disease • 4x higher risk for stroke • Other complications: • Foot problems • Eye problems • Kidney problems • Teeth/gum problems • People with diabetes must take care of themselves!

  14. Prevention of diabetes • Healthy eating • Exercise • Exercise helps cell uptake glucose more effectively • Lose extra weight • Monitor blood glucose

  15. Are you at risk? • Let’s take the quiz

  16. Myths about diabetes • Eating too much sugar causes diabetes • You should never eat carbs if you have diabetes • If you have pre-diabetes, there is nothing you can do to prevent Type II diabetes • You can catch diabetes from someone else • Sugar raises blood glucose/blood sugar more than other carbs do • Herbs and natural supplements can help prevent or treat diabetes

  17. For more info • American Diabetes Association • www.diabetes.org • National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse • http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/

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