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AFRICA - Session 3

AFRICA - Session 3. Hunting for OIL: Angola. ANGOLA. History. Demographics. Oil & War. Future. ANGOLA. HISTORY. Stone Age civilization until 1 st century AD. 0-1000 AD – Bantu migration from north. REMEMBER . . . Bantu lived here. population explosion. large migration south.

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AFRICA - Session 3

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  1. AFRICA - Session 3 Hunting for OIL: Angola

  2. ANGOLA History Demographics Oil & War Future

  3. ANGOLA HISTORY Stone Age civilization until 1st century AD 0-1000 AD – Bantu migration from north REMEMBER . . . Bantu lived here . . . • population explosion • large migration south . . .eastern group western group . . . . bringing iron age & agricultural skills to Angola!

  4. Civilizations Time Lines - Iron Age to the Present E X B P A A N S T I U O N 17,000 BCE BOTSWANA ??? ANGOLA

  5. ANGOLA HISTORY Neolithic civilization until 1st century AD 0-1000 AD – Bantu migration from north

  6. ANGOLA HISTORY 1587: Portuguese establish a fort in Luanda w/400 troops: start of the slave trade

  7. ANGOLA HISTORY 1587: Portuguese establish a fort in Luanda w/400 troops: start of the slave trade 1836: end Portuguese slave export after > million slaves exported, primarily to Brazil

  8. ANGOLA HISTORY 1587: Portuguese establish a fort in Luanda w/400 troops: start of the slave trade 1836: end Portuguese slave export after > million slaves exported, primarily to Brazil 1885-1975: Portuguese colonialism in Angola 1975: independence from Portugal 1975-2002: continual civil war: MPLA vs UNITA 2002: civil war ends, restoration begins

  9. Civilizations Time Lines - Iron Age to the Present 1587-1975 27 years 2002 E X B P A A N S T I U O N P O R T U G U E S E C I V I L W A R P E A C E 17,000 BCE BOTSWANA ??? ANGOLA

  10. ANGOLA DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO ANGOLA TODAY ATLANTIC OCEAN ZAMBIA - western coast of Africa - bordered by . . NAMIBIA • size: 481,000 sq mile • (2X Texas) - elevation: 0’-8000’

  11. ANGOLA - capital: Luanda • demographics • - population: 18 million • indigenous tribes . . . . 95% • mixed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3% • white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% • median age. . . . . . . . 18 yrs • life expectancy . . . . . 38 yrs • official language: Portuguese

  12. ANGOLA • religions: • Roman Catholic . . . . . . . . 64% • other Christian. . . . . . . . . 24% • indigenous (tribal) . . . . . . 7% • education: (major deficits in education) • - literacy. . . . . . . . . . . 40-65% • - complete primary. . . . . 35% • annual income: • - extreme poverty. . . . . . 20% • - below poverty line. . . . 68%

  13. ANGOLA • per capita GDP . . . . . . . $9,000 US • economy: • - arable land . . . . . . . . . . . . 3% • - rich in oil, diamonds, gold, fish & forests • - land mines make development difficult 11% GDP – diamond mining 85% GDP – oil production - member OPEC since 2007 - 1.9MBPD (million barrels/day)

  14. How does Angola compare?

  15. oil gas

  16. ANGOLA REP. OF THE CONGO DEM. REP. of the CONGO (ZAIRE) Congo River Cabinda Province Cuanza River EARLY OIL YEARS

  17. ANGOLA 1973: OIL becomes principal export! Congo Basin Congo River Cuanza Basin 1960’s - oil production (onshore) 1956 – first commercial production Cuanza River 1910 – first oil exploration (on-shore) EARLY OIL YEARS PORTUGUESE Joint Ventures – shared investment/profits w/foreign companies at 51%-49%

  18. ANGOLA 1975: INDEPENDENCE BRINGS CHANGE Congo Basin Government . . . What do you do? • Portugal abdicated control NEW ANGOLAN GOVERNMENT U UUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUU Cuanza Basin INTERNATIONAL OIL COMPANIES U UUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUU U UUUUUUUUU • widespread civil unrest • see opportunities for • petroleum exploration • Portuguese professionals • have fled country • want access to oil leases • few/no trained Angolans • for gov’t/industry jobs • need assurance of stability • no gov’tdep’ts/agencies • in place • no funds for joint ventures

  19. ANGOLA 1975: INDEPENDENCE BRINGS CHANGE Congo Basin - 1975: government claims right to all petroleum - 1978: establishes ‘Sonongol’ as concessionaire Cuanza Basin - 1978: creates new investment type: - Production Sharing Agreement – foreign company makes all investment, receives portion of profit w/cap - 1979: seismic survey of shallow off-shore, divides off-shore into ‘blocks’ for lease

  20. ANGOLA Wait! more info . . . Offshore Blocks 1-13 - follow coastline - <1500’ water depth - ~4000 sq km each Congo Basin 1979 off-shore production : ~85,600 BOP 1979 on-shore production: ~35,000 BOPD 2 3 Cuanza Basin Oil Companies . . . Which Blocks would you lease?

  21. ANGOLA Congo Basin 2 3 Cuanza Basin 1981 – exploration complete in Bks 1-4 w/discoveries in Bks 2, 3

  22. ANGOLA Congo Basin Cuanza Basin 1981 – exploration complete in Bks 1-4 w/discoveries in Bks 2, 3 1982-87 – building offshore infrastructure 1985 – production begins in Blocks 2, 3

  23. ANGOLA Congo Basin Cuanza Basin ~232,000 Barrels of Oil!! Congratulationgovernment! & oil companies!

  24. ANGOLA Government . . . What next ? Congo Basin Cuanza Basin 1985 – Kwanda Base built at Soyo ~232,000 Barrels of Oil!! • includes operations, docks, • warehouses, & oil terminal

  25. ANGOLA 1992 – flare up in civil war fighting Soyo overrun, base destroyed street fighting In Luanda March ‘93 Gov’t forces re-take Soyo Rebel stronghold REBELS: funded by diamonds

  26. ANGOLA - move EVERYTHING off-shore • Kwanda Base in Soyo destroyed • w/possibility of more fighting - the base offices/staff - the warehouses/supplies - the oil storage terminal Oil Companies . . . What now?

  27. ANGOLA - move EVERYTHING off-shore offices for operations, store rooms for supplies housing for all operations staff additional platforms added

  28. ANGOLA But . . . . What about the oil storage & terminal? - move EVERYTHING off-shore housing for all operations staff bring in an FSO (Floating Storage and Off-loading) ship

  29. ANGOLA But . . . . What about the oil storage & terminal? EVERYTHING moved off-shore! FSO bring in an FSO (Floating Storage and Off-loading) ship

  30. ANGOLA EVERYTHING moved off-shore! - all on-shore production shutdown - some offshore production shut-in very costly & much lost revenue! • Government . . . . • oil revenues are your funding source for the civil war. • What now??

  31. ANGOLA Congo Basin 1980’s shallow water < 1500’ 1990’s deep water 1500’- 5000’ Cuanza Basin Late ‘90s ultra-deep water 5000’-8000’ ANGOLA OIL 1985 2002

  32. ANGOLA Congo Basin Cuanza Basin ANGOLA OIL 1985 2002

  33. ANGOLA 1980’s shallow water: production Blocks 0, 1, 2, 3 1990’s deep water: production Bks 14, 15, 17, 18 late ‘90s ultra-deep water: How much oil is there?? discoveries Blocks 31, 32 ANGOLA OIL TODAY

  34. ANGOLA 1985 2009 25 years later …. almost 10X more! How much oil is there?? 232,000 bopd 1,960,000 bopd Where is it coming from??

  35. ANGOLA Congo Basin Cuanza Basin Where does it go?? ANGOLA OIL TODAY

  36. ANGOLA Congo Basin Cuanza Basin Where does it go?? ~5% of our oil imports ANGOLA OIL TODAY

  37. ANGOLA Remember 1985? . . . . offshore blocks 1,2 - few platforms - few gas flares THE FUTURE

  38. ANGOLA TODAY . . . . . - 8 production blocks - numerous platforms - much wasted gas THE FUTURE

  39. ANGOLA THE LNG (liquefied natural gas) PROJECT • $8 billion project • being built in Soyo • collect gas from Bks • on-stream 2012 THE FUTURE

  40. ANGOLA THE LNG (liquefied natural gas) PROJECT eliminates flaring! • $8 billion project • being built in Soyo • collect gas from Bks • on-stream 2012 5.2 million tons/year of LNG for U.S. markets THE FUTURE

  41. ANGOLA 17th of the top 20 oil producers in the world! Was the hunt for OIL in Angola successful? OK, but . . . . how is the country doing??

  42. ANGOLA . . . one of the world's fastest-growing economies . . . . . . pace of development since peace returned eight years ago has been staggering. . . . . . landmines are steadily being removed . . . . . . 1 million homes for shack-dwellers by 2012 . . . . . . slums make way for . . . elegant high-rise hotels, offices and apartment blocks . . . . . . new roads and rail track are speeding up transport. . . Jan 28th 2010 . . . hotels, shopping centers, hospitals, universities - even whole new towns - rise up . . . . . teachers and doctors are being trained . . . . . . children sent back to school . . . . . . clinics opened . . . . . . water-purification plants installed . . . . .. electricity brought to villages and urban slums. . . press is becoming a bit freer . . . country's first democratic elections in 16 years, held in 2008, were reasonably fair. . . . . .(President) José Eduardo dos Santos has pledged-for the first time-to reduce corruption . . .

  43. ANGOLA Be the 1st in your neighborhood to take an ANGOLAN safari! elephants from Botswana and South Africa re-introduced into Kissama National Park

  44. ANGOLA So . . . was the hunt for OIL in Angola successful? a qualified ‘YES’

  45. Next week – Session 4 Hunting for Diamonds: Namibia

  46. REFERENCES http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Angola_provinces_named.png http://www.nationmaster.com/country/ao-angola/edu-education https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ao.html http://www.wfp.org/countries/angola http://www.theodora.com/wfbcurrent/angola/angola_economy.html http://www.rigzone.com/NEWS/article.asp?a_id=78385 http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/6619.htm http://www.mbendi.com/indy/ming/af/an/p0005.htm http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/angola_statistics.html http://rs6.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ao0102) http://rs6.loc.gov/frd/cs/angola/ao_appen.html http://countrystudies.us/angola/85.htm http://www.sonangol.co.ao/wps/wcm/connect/ http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=6271418 http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/company_level_imports/current/import.html http://www.panoramio.com/user/302377?with_photo_id=7161069 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FPSO_diagram.PNG “Oil, Glorious Oil”, The Economist, Jan 28, 2010 Consultation with TakoKoning (takokoning@hotmail.com)

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