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The European Middle Ages

The European Middle Ages. The Church Wields Power 13.4. The Power of the Church. Popes could crown kings, choose Clergy , & sought to control politics Clergy : religious officials enforced Canon law : religious laws that all had to obey

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The European Middle Ages

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  1. The European Middle Ages The Church Wields Power 13.4

  2. The Power of the Church • Popes could crown kings, choose Clergy, & sought to control politics • Clergy: religious officials • enforced Canon law: religious laws that all had to obey • Provided Sacraments: ceremonies needed to go to heaven

  3. It was a stable, unifying force in an age of chaos. • Commoners & kings feared excommunication & eternal damnation

  4. The Holy Roman Empire • Patchwork of German & Italian feudal principalities which elected a German emperor who was approved by the Pope. • Emperors were in constant conflict with local princes, bishops, and the pope. • As a result, Germany & Italy did not unite as nations until the mid-1800s.

  5. Otto the Great : 1st true Holy Roman Emperor • Controlled church in Germany = appointed clergy • Claimed emperors could approve new popes • Italian Nobles resented German Emperors & Popes came to fear them

  6. Lay Investiture Controversy • Greatest conflict between church & state in the Middle Ages • Holy Roman Emperors & Popes fought over who got to appoint Clergy ($$$) • 1075, Pope Gregory VII banned Lay Investiture

  7. Emperor Henry IV demanded that the Pope resign • Pope had him excommunicated! • German princes & bishops abandoned the Emperor

  8. Henry Begged Forgiveness • Showed the power Popes had over Emperors • And Germany remained divided

  9. Frederick Barbarossa • Tried gaining power over Italy & the Church by invasion • Italian nobles & the Pope allied against him. • 1176, They defeated his forces & Italy freed itself of German dominance

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