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P. ATON. M. ARTIN. VETERINARY SERVICES. HEAT CYCLE. In heat for 3-7 days, this happens every 18-21days Dependant on Daylight, not temp or precipitation Starts in March: shuts down in October Best months to breed horses are May – July

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  1. P ATON M ARTIN VETERINARY SERVICES www.pmvetservices.com

  2. HEAT CYCLE • In heat for 3-7 days, this happens every 18-21days • Dependant on Daylight, not temp or precipitation • Starts in March: shuts down in October • Best months to breed horses are May – July • Altering season: start under lights in November, need 12hrs of daylight to cycle in Feb www.pmvetservices.com

  3. HEAT CYCLE • Follicles are structures on the ovary that will eventually contain the egg • Start out around 20mm and ovulate over 40mm. Growth rate of 3-5mm/day • An ovulated follicle forms a Corpus Luteum (CL) • Normal Cycle – as follicle grows uterine edema increases and cervix relaxes www.pmvetservices.com

  4. ALTERING THE HEAT CYCLE • “Short Cycling” – Mare must be out of heat for 5 days then we give a Prostiglandin • Light - about 200 watts in a 12 x 12 stall before sunset to 9pm for 60 days prior to cycling. • Regumate – Used to shorten transitional heats or stop heat cycles • HCG – induces speeds up ovulation www.pmvetservices.com

  5. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION • CHILLED (shipped) – not “Frozen” • Semen is ordered mid to end of cycle based on Follicle size and shipping requirements • Need to inseminate within 48 hrs of ovulation • Conception rates are the same as live cover www.pmvetservices.com

  6. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION • Frozen Semen – Liquid Nitrogen • Need to inseminate with 8 hrs pre to 4 hrs post ovulation; more ultrasound exams needed • Conception rates lower than chilled semen • Frozen semen is very stallion dependant www.pmvetservices.com

  7. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION What to Expect • Call when the mare is in heat or to find out if the mare is or is not in heat • May or may not do a culture/cytology: Mare needs to be in heat • Semen is ordered when the follicle about 35mm • Mare is bred when follicle is 40mm + and given HCG www.pmvetservices.com

  8. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION 5. Mare is checked for ovulation, fluid in the uterus and lavaged if necessary. 6. Mare is checked for pregnancy and twins between day 14 and 17 post ovulation Fluid in the uterus 14 Days www.pmvetservices.com

  9. EMBRYO TRANSFER • If mare is difficult to conceive or is not cycling normally, ET can get very costly • Need to cycle other mares at the same time as the donor • Embryos can be frozen, but the conception rates are much lower • Good to have a recipient herd to pick from www.pmvetservices.com

  10. EMBRYO TRANSFER www.pmvetservices.com

  11. PROBLEM MARE • A mare that does not conceive after 2 correctly timed breedings with normal heat cycles and good quality semen • Culture – detects bacteria • Cytology – detects inflammation • Uterine Lavage – helps to clear inflammation • Uterine Biopsy – used if mare does not conceive after multiple treatments www.pmvetservices.com

  12. THE FOALING MARE • Gestation length – 11 mos +/- 2 weeks, not unusual to be 365 days • Induction • Cons: • Increased chance of premature foal • Increased chance of a dystocia • Mare may not have adequate colostrum • Pros: • Convenient • Mares who might have a dystocia www.pmvetservices.com

  13. THE FOALING MARE • Signs • Udder development 4 – 6 weeks • Relaxation of Gluteals and Vulva 1 – 2 weeks • Waxing 0 – 7 days • Dripping milk 0 – 7 days www.pmvetservices.com

  14. THE FOALING MARE • Stage 1 – water breaks • Stage 2 – foal is expelled; tops of two feet then the head. Time – 45 min • Stage 3 – Placenta is Expelled; do not pull on it. This should be 2 – 4 hrs usually, but may take longer www.pmvetservices.com

  15. DYSTOCIA/C-SECTION • Time is critical • If not out in 45 minutes should call your Veterinarian • If C-Section is an option should be prepared to transport to a hospital www.pmvetservices.com

  16. POSTPARTUM MARE CHECKLIST • Spray umbilicus with chlorhexadine • Foal should stand within 2 hrs • Foal should nurse within 4-6 hrs: then every 2hrs • Mare may be colicky; okay to give banamine • Placenta should pass over 2-8 hrs • Foal should pass meconium and urine normally • Mare should have a good appetite and pass manure www.pmvetservices.com

  17. MARE FOAL EXAM Mare • HR, Temp, MM, GI Sounds, Vulva, Milk, manure production, attitude, appetite www.pmvetservices.com

  18. MARE FOAL EXAM Foal • Heart, Lungs, MM, meconium, urination musculoskeletal exam • Attitude, energy level • IgG should be checked no sooner than 6 hrs post foaling. www.pmvetservices.com

  19. QUESTIONS • Website – www.pmvetservices.com • Email – admin@pmvetservices.com • Phone – 604-856-3351 www.pmvetservices.com

  20. Ultrasound Pregnancy Embryo Day 1 Day 14 www.pmvetservices.com

  21. 30 DAY PREGNANCY www.pmvetservices.com

  22. Congenital Abnormalities Wry Nose, Underbite Lethal White www.pmvetservices.com

  23. MusculoSkeletal Laxity Contracture www.pmvetservices.com

  24. Angular Limb Deformity www.pmvetservices.com

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