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CJ328 Unit 3-Review Things you should know

CJ328 Unit 3-Review Things you should know. Fingerprints contain unique, individual characteristics Galton details are level two details or individual characteristics Poroscopy and edgeoscopy is the study of level three detail or individual characteristics

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CJ328 Unit 3-Review Things you should know

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  1. CJ328 Unit 3-ReviewThings you should know Fingerprints contain unique, individual characteristics Galton details are level two details or individual characteristics Poroscopy and edgeoscopy is the study of level three detail or individual characteristics Rideology is the scientific process of examining all of the available friction ridge details (level 1 detail, level 2 detail and level 3 detail) in order to individualize a fingerprint/footprint or palm print ACE-V …(Analysis, comparison, evaluation and Verification) is the accepted scientific method, a four step process, used in the identification of friction ridge impressions Under the Daubert 1993 Supreme Court ruling, virtually every judge in the country has ruled that fingerprint can be individualized and that fingerprint identification is an accepted scientific method

  2. CJ328 Unit 4- Main Points of Discussion • AFIS Systems • I-AFIS • Automated palm print identification • Suitability of latent prints for AFIS searches • Other applications of fingerprint biometrics • Entering latent prints into the database

  3. CJ328 Unit 4 Seminar Questions • What Does AFIS stand for? • What is IAFIS and basically how does it work? • When did IAFIS become operational?

  4. CJ328 Unit 4 Seminar Questions • Question: Can automated palm print searches be conducted also? • Question: Can AFIS systems be used to identify DNA within a fingerprint? • Do you think that all questioned fingerprints would be suitable for AFIS searches? • If not, can you share any thoughts that you may have as to why a questioned fingerprint might not be suitable for AFIS searches?

  5. CJ328 Unit 4 Seminar Questions • Can you name some other possible applications of fingerprint automation/live scan technology besides criminal investigation work? • Does the computer database perform the final identification of who made the fingerprint or does the fingerprint examiner still need to make the final decision?

  6. Automation of Fingerprint Search FBI / National Bureau of Standards Begin a Long Term Collaboration to Automate Fingerprint Search Process R&D Intentionally in the Public Domain FBI Introduces Initial Automated Processing Commercial AFIS Systems Emerge and are Rapidly Adopted Unable to Exchange Fingerprints Between Vendors FBI Processing Times and Backlogs Fall Behind States ANSI/NBS-ICST 1-1986 Fingerprint Identification - Data Format for Information Interchange FBI and Advisory Board Conceive National Search Hierarchy And Plan to Revitalize FBI Identification Services Advisory Policy Board Approves FBI IAFIS System requirements. 1963 1979 1980’s 1986 1989 1992 6

  7. CJ328 Unit 4 Seminar Questions • What testing still needs to be conducted to confirm that an AFIS ‘Hit’ is correct? • Can anyone briefly explain how questioned fingerprints, found at crime scenes get put into the AFIS database?

  8. Automation of Fingerprint Search FBI / National Bureau of Standards Begin a Long Term Collaboration to Automate Fingerprint Search Process R&D Intentionally in the Public Domain FBI Introduces Initial Automated Processing Commercial AFIS Systems Emerge and are Rapidly Adopted Unable to Exchange Fingerprints Between Vendors FBI Processing Times and Backlogs Fall Behind States ANSI/NBS-ICST 1-1986 Fingerprint Identification - Data Format for Information Interchange FBI and Advisory Board Conceive National Search Hierarchy And Plan to Revitalize FBI Identification Services Advisory Policy Board Approves FBI IAFIS System requirements. 1963 1979 1980’s 1986 1989 1992 8

  9. Goals of Automating the Fingerprint system: • Automation of the Fingerprint Search Process • Ability to effectively Search Crime Scene Images • Cardless System • ____________________________ • Benefits • Cost Savings (no files or storage required ) • Ability to search Crime scene prints • Improve quality of prints captured FBI Files 1997 9

  10. Unsolved Latent Files (latent finger & latent palm) • The latent finger and palm print files are sized to hold, on average, 75,000 latent records including both latent fingerprints and latent palm prints. • Regardless of whether the record was entered from a ten print inked card or submitted via live scan, workflow capabilities are provided for automated search of the unsolved latent file. • When a new fingerprint card is processed through the ten print system and it is not identified the minutiae are compared with the unidentified latent stored in the unidentified latent file on AFIS. • Latent finger against the Unsolved accuracy 88-93%, a palm is 73-93%.

  11. Search Results • The system uses expert matching to develop a list of viable candidates for the examiner to compare. • Accuracy ranges from 85% with the target print in the 1st. 5 candidates to 88% that the target is in the top 15 candidates. • System creates a candidate list of the most likely suspects and the latent examiner determines hit or no hit. • If the lift is not identified it can be added to the unsolved latent file.

  12. Universal Latent Workstation • A latent can be searched against the FBI IAFIS system. FBI system consists of : • The image captured for the state AFIS search can be used for the FBI search but new minutiae needs to be plotted. • 50+ million arrest fingerprint cards from every state in the union at 500ppi. • Search database is created from the 1st. Card received. The minutiae however is updated when subsequent cards are processed, so they have a composite of the best minutiae. • FBI has an unsolved latent file.

  13. Core IAFIS ServiceLatent Submission 14

  14. System Accuracy System accuracy is influenced by: • Quality of images in the database • Workflow design • Training program • Proficiency testing/ remediation training The FBI accuracy is 95 to 98%. The database has the best quality images of any database in the country. I would estimate the other state and local databases around 90%

  15. Lives can Unit • Today over 70% of the fingerprint cards are captured and digitized by live scan units. • Images are captured at either 500 or 1,000 ppi

  16. CJ328 Unit 4 Seminar Review • Modern computer and digital technology have replaced the earlier methods of obtaining inked record prints • Labor intensive manual record print searches have been eliminated (Henry classification system is no longer used to classify 10print cards) • With Livescan and AFIS technology, the police can quickly determine if an arrestee has given a false name • The suspect can be positively identified before being released from custody • Latent fingerprints and palm prints can be individualized in cases with no suspects

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