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Unit 1: European Settlement Standards 1 and 2. Mrs. McClary US History. Founding of Jamestown . 1606, 105 men and boys sailed to North America in hopes of establishing a colony.
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Unit 1: European SettlementStandards 1 and 2 Mrs. McClary US History
Founding of Jamestown • 1606, 105 men and boys sailed to North America in hopes of establishing a colony. • The Virginia Company of London were the private investors who hoped to establish a colony, convert Native Americans to Christianity, and a make a profit from gold. • May 1607, the settlement of Jamestown was founded on the James River in present-day Virginia. • Illness, lack of food, lack of fresh water, and fighting with Native Americans killed many in Jamestown. • By January 1608, only 38 of the original settlers remained alive.
Founding of Jamestown • In 1609, the Virginia Company became a joint-stock company. This allowed the public to buy stock and invest in the colony as well. • More people arrived in Jamestown but conditions were still harsh. 1609-1610 was known as the “starving time” and the colony almost died out. • Captain John Smith was the leader of the colony and formed a friendship with Powhatan, the chief of the powerful powhatan tribe. • Pocahontas eventually married John Rolfe and moved to England where she died. (The Disney version is much happier).
Pocahontas fell in love with John Smith, knew a tree that could talk, and was BFF’s with a raccoon. • True • False
Tobacco Saves the Day • Colonists in Virginia eventually learned how to cultivate tobacco which was very popular in England. • Virginia began to make a huge profit on tobacco and turned things around for the failing economy. • Colonist began to spread out around Jamestown to grow more tobacco which caused problems with the Native Americans. • The growth of the tobacco industry increased the need for workers. First they were indentured servants but eventually they turned to African slaves.
Which does NOT describe Jamestown? • Its colonial government held the Salem Witch Trials. • In this colony, John Rolfe developed a tobacco cash crop. • The colony was named after the King of England. • It was the first permanent English colony. [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]
Representative Government is Born • 1619, the Virginia Company allowed Jamestown to establish its own government and laws. • Residents were allowed to vote for a representative known as a Burgess. These representatives met at the Virginia House of Burgesses. This was the first representative government in America. • The Governor, however, was still selected by the Virginia Company. • In order to be elected, you had to be male, over 17,white and own property. • Representative government would continue in the colonies.
Why was the House of Burgesses significant? • It sat as court in the Salem Witch Trials. • It created a series of trade laws for the colonies. • It imposed and collected British taxes. • It was the start of representative government in Virginia. [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]
Bacon’s Rebellion • In 1624, King James I revoked the charter of the Virginia Company and took control of the colony of Virginia. • Native Americans were attacking the residents on the outskirts of the colony and Governor Berkeley would do nothing to help them because he was making money off the Native Americans and the fur trade. • Nathaniel Bacon led raids against the Native Americans and eventually on Jamestown and Governor Berkeley. Bacon and his followers burned Jamestown and tried to kill the governor. • The rebellion ended quickly after the unexpected death of Nathaniel Bacon. • Highlighted the desire of colonist to move west and the conflict between rich and poor.
Settlement in New England • In 1620, the Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth Bay seeking to establish a colony. They left England due to religious persecution and wanted the freedom to establish their own church. • The Mayflower Compact was a document signed by the Pilgrims which would set up a government where laws would be discussed on voted upon. • The Plymouth colony was eventually absorbed into the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691. • Pilgrims and Puritans had “town meetings” to discuss problems and vote on new laws. Established the tradition of voting that we still have today!
What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact? • It allowed for voting rights for all settlers. • It transferred ownership of the colony to the Puritans. • It provided for an even distribution of food among the colonists. • It established a foundation for self-government. [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]
Puritans Arrive in New England • 1629, the Puritans (group similar to the Pilgrims) set sail to found the Massachusetts Bay Colony. They were led by John Winthrop and hoped to begin a colony that would become a “city upon a hill” for the rest of the world. • Puritans lived a very strict, simple, and religious life. • The leaders of their government were also the leaders of their church. • The Puritans did not tolerate anyone who did not share their beliefs. • Roger Williams spoke out against the Puritan church and was forced to leave. He eventually founded the colony of Rhode Island where religious freedom was more readily accepted.
The Puritans were not tolerant of religious beliefs that differed from their own. • True • False
Problems with the Puritans • “Half-Way Covenant” allowed children of church members to be baptized but they could not vote or take communion. This was to accommodate the growing number of colonists without giving them control. • Salem Witch Trials: 1692 dozens of men and women were accused of witch-craft and eventually 19 were hanged when found guilty. • King Phillip’s War: 1675 Metacomet (King Phillip) led a war against the New England colonists hoping to push them back to England once and for all. Metacomet was killed the next year and the war was over. His head was placed on a pole and kept in town for 20 years as a warning to other Native Americans.
Massachusetts Becomes a Royal Colony • In 1684, the Massachusetts Bay colony lost its charter and was taken over by England. • This made it a Royal colony like Virginia. • The charter was revoked because MBC had openly defied the Navigation Acts which England passed to restrict who the colonists could trade with. • These trade restrictions allowed the colonist to only trade with England and no other countries. • England had no competition so could pay any price for the goods.
What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts? • To stop the Middle Passage. • To control the trans-Atlantic trade. • To end the Atlantic slave trade. • To halt the Triangular Trade. [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]
Mid-Atlantic Colonies • 1624, the Dutch West India Company established the colony of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. • Eventually became a major trading port, especially for the fur trade. • The English felt threatened by the Dutch presence and eventually bullied them into turning over New Amsterdam to England without even fighting a battle. • New Amsterdam was renamed New York. • Manhattan is now some of the most expensive real estate in the world but was traded for beads and trinkets by the Native Americans.
Settlement of Pennsylvania • Founded by William Penn, a Quaker, in 1681. King Charles II gave him a huge tract of land which he called the colony of Pennsylvania. • Quakers practiced religious toleration, pacifism, more equality for women and kinder treatment of Native Americans. • Quakers were often persecuted for their way of life. • Delaware was formed from a portion of Pennsylvania.
Settlement of Quebec • French explorer Samuel de Champlain founded the settlement of Quebec north of New England in present day Canada. • Settlers in “New France” encouraged Native Americans to become Catholics and established an important fur trade with Native Americans. • French explored the Great Lakes and traveled down the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. They named the area Louisiana after King Louis XIV. • Wanted to keep the English from expanding their colonies.
Do you believe the English and French will be able to keep the peace in North America or will war break out between the two? • Yes • No
13 English colonies • New England colonies: Puritans, cold climate, rocky soil, small farms and fishing. • Mid-Atlantic (Middle) colonies: Diverse, wheat, corn, oats, rye, and barely, large ports with lots of trade. • Southern colonies: Tobacco, indigo, rice, huge plantations, and slaves.
Mercantilism • Mercantilism was the belief that the colonies existed to make the mother country richer and more powerful. • England’s colonies were making lots of money and producing many goods that were being shipped around the world. • Triangular Trade was the trade of raw goods, manufactured products, and slaves between the New World, Europe, and Africa.
What purpose did Mercantilism have for the British? • To lessen the tension between European nations. • To cooperate with the French government to benefit the colonies. • To increase power of the British government through triangular trade. • To establish a system of fair economic policies that benefited all European nations. [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]
Slavery in the Colonies • The horrible journey slaves made from Africa to the New World aboard slave ships was known as the Middle Passage. • Slaves were brought to work on Southern plantations. • In 1808, Congress banned the trans-Atlantic slave trade but it did not slow the growth of slavery in the South. • Slaves brought their traditions, songs, food, language, and religion. • The economy of the South would become more and more dependent on the practice of slavery.
What effect did the 1808 ban on the Atlantic slave trade have on slavery in America? • It ended slavery in the South. • It resulted in a gradual end to slavery in America. • It had little effect. • It slowed the expansion of slavery. [Default] [MC Any] [MC All]
Life in the Colonies • Most people had more opportunities in the colonies than back home in England. • Good example: Benjamin Franklin was born poor in 1706 but would become a successful inventor, writing, and statesman. This could not have happened if he had lived in England. This was called social mobility. • He believed in many ideas like science, reason, and that government should be created by regular people. • These ideas came out of a new period called the Enlightenment which focused more on science than religion.
Great Awakening • 1730s- 1740s the Great Awakening a religious revival swept through the 13 colonies. • More people in the colonies began to attend church and religion became a more important part of life in the colonies. • Many different types of churches were created during this time. • This was the first time all 13 colonies had been involved in the same thing. • They were united for the first time.
