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Unit 1: English Settlement

Unit 1: English Settlement. Objectives: Identify English motivations for settlement Compare and Contrast European settlements in the New World. English Settlement. Reasons for English expansion: Scarce Land – wool Mercantilism – source AND market

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Unit 1: English Settlement

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  1. Unit 1: English Settlement • Objectives: • Identify English motivations for settlement • Compare and Contrast European settlements in the New World

  2. English Settlement • Reasons for English expansion: • Scarce Land – wool • Mercantilism – source AND market • Religious Motivations – Protestant Reformation • English Reformation – Henry VIII • Puritan Separatists – James I • Lessons of Irish colonization – rigid separation

  3. French and Dutch • French – Quebec, 1608 • What was different about their settlement? • Why were they able to thrive so much more than the English • Dutch – New Netherland (New Amsterdam), 1624 • Where is New Amsterdam now? *It is said that the Dutch bought Manhattan for $24 worth of beads and trinkets!

  4. English naval dominance • 1588: English navy defeats Spanish armada Impact on history?

  5. English Settlement • What were England’s motivations? • Why were the Spanish better at colonizing early on? • Why do these questions matter?

  6. Roanoke • 1587: Roanoke, Outer Banks of NC • 1590: English boats return to the colony with supplies but find the colony abandoned • What happened? http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2007/09/indian_village_of_pomeiooc.jpg Screen clipping taken: 9/9/2010, 9:20 PM

  7. Jamestown • Purpose? • Problems?

  8. Jamestown • March 1607: first permanent English settlement • Established by the Virginia company(JSC) • What is a Joint Stock Company? • December 1607: 38 of the original 150 survived • 1612: John Rolfe developed a unique tobacco leaf that became the #1 export from the colony • 1618: Demand for tobacco increases the demand for workers • What does this lead to?

  9. John Smith • John Smith • Took control of the settlement • “Work or get out” • Help of the Powhatan • Turned colony around • Accident...or was it? Starving time?

  10. English vs. Powhatan • 1607-1614: English battle with Powhatans • 1614: John Rolfe marries the Chief’s daughter Pocahontas…creates peace • 1622: John Rolfe and 346 other settlers are killed in a Native uprising • 1644:Powhatans are defeated • 1685:Powhatans become extinct

  11. Video Questions • How was John Rolfe different from other settlers? • Why did tobacco allow Jamestown to thrive?

  12. Objectives • Identify English motivations for settlement • Compare and Contrast European settlements in the New World

  13. Chapter 2:Transplantations and Borderlands • Objectives: • 1. Describe the difference in cultures between the Southern and Northern English colonies. • 2. Explain the founding of each of the English colonies. • 3. How were the various European colonies different from one another( Spanish, English, French)?

  14. Chapter 2:Transplantations and Borderlands Maryland • Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert). James I granted charter for friend. • Act of Toleration – 1649 – Religious Freedom for some, Catholics pushed out soon after. • Why was MD opened to Protestants? • Protestant majority, reliant on tobacco

  15. Bacon’s Rebellion • William Berkeley – Gov. of VA 1642-1677 • Controlled politics and fur trade • Treaty with NAs, couldn’t expand west of Mts. • Bacon led a rebellion against the NAs and then marched on Jamestown • SIGNIFICANCE: • Struggle to define NA and white spheres of influence • Growing discontent between wealthy elite and lower class • Turned towards slavery as opposed to indentured servitude

  16. Puritan Background Culture • Central belief: experience god through • Faith • Prayer • Service • Extremely anti-Catholic • Strict moral codes (blue laws) • 2 categories in first voyage (Puritans & Pilgrims)

  17. Puritans create New England http://www.winthropsociety.org/portraits.php • Wanted to purify Church of England of Catholicism • Puritan Separatists exiled by King James I; they go to Holland • 1620, Pilgrims (Puritan Separatists) leave Holland & found Plymouth Bay Colony • In northern colonies, religion, not profit, drives colonization

  18. Mass. Bay Colony • “City upon a hill” • Voting rights given to all puritan males • Church & State are one (theocracy) • Taxes support the Church • Laws enforced morality • Intolerant of other faiths or Indians • Successful why?

  19. Excerpt: “A Model of Christian Charity”By Governor John Winthrop, 1630 • “We must be knit together in this work;…we must uphold each other…in all meekness, gentleness, patience and generosity. We must delight each other, make others’ conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together… So shall we keep the unit of the spirit, in the bond of peace…ten of us will be able to resist a thousand of our enemies. For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are on us.” Explain the impact of the Puritan philosophy and attitude on later events in American history.

  20. Dissent in the Puritan Community http://www.greatwomen.org/women.php?action=viewone&id=84 • Anne Hutchinson, exiled in 1638. • In 1643 she and her family were killed in a war fought between the Dutch colonists and N. Americans • Began American tradition of Freedom of Consciousness • What does this mean? • Roger Williams, fled MBC in 1636. • Founded Rhode Island – community based on religious tolerance. • Important Why? Shows what? http://www.rogerwilliams.org/biography.htm

  21. King Philip’s War • Original co-existence w/ Native Americans -->Tension • Expansion of colony leads to conflict with Pequot Nation 1637 • Mystic River massacre. • 1675 - Metacom (King Philip) resists expansion • Wampanoag tribe destroyed • Metacom killed • 10% colonialists killed • 60-80% New England Indians gone, enslaved, or killed.

  22. http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?ST9%20King%20Philiphttp://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?ST9%20King%20Philip

  23. Carolinas • Founded after Restoration of Charles II in1670, led by Anthony Ashley Cooper. • Economy based on Indian Slave Trade and rice plantations • Port of Charles Town founded • Why did North and South Carolina split?

  24. New Netherlands • 1621: Dutch establish colony of New Netherland; • New Amsterdam • Diverse and profitable bc of trade

  25. New Netherlands/York • Duke of York defeats Stuyvesant for Manhattan in 1664 and 1674 • highly stratified society • huge landowners • population soars. • York grants charters to friends Carteret and Berkeley to create New Jersey. • Diverse but no strong government. http://www.colonialvoyage.com/namstmap.jpg

  26. Quakers • 1681: William Penn is given land in the Americas as repayment of a debt • Escaped religious persecution • Quakers: • Pacifists • Treated natives as equals, prohibits slavery • Tolerated others faiths and nationalities • Excellent with Agriculture & Trade

  27. Caribbean Islands • Most of pop. Was wiped out • How?? • Spain had claim to them, but only colonized largest islands • Sugar was largest crop • Why? • Antigua, St. Kitts, Jamaica, Barbados • SLAVERY • Extremely harsh • Most died within 5-10 years • Cheaper to buy more than protect ones you have

  28. Georgia • Founded by James Oglethorpe, 1733 • Philanthropist, pauper’s colony • Buffer state with Spanish FL, military setup in cities and land ownership. • Melting pot of ethnicities, criminals, but no Catholics and blacks.

  29. Relationships with Natives • Colonists uneasy relationships with the Natives in the West • Natives had paternal expectations • Why? • Began to create workable relationships • As more British moved west, this Middle Ground dissipated • NAs began to become abused and taken advantage of

  30. Conclusion: All Move Towards What? • By 1650’s colonial success led crown to move toward tighter control. • Navigation Acts: • 1660: Only trade with English ships • 1663: All goods had to pass through UK for taxation • 1673: Duties on inter-colonial trade and customs officials • Dominion of New England and appointment of governor Edmund Andros to rule from Boston • How was this different from the previous government in the colonies?

  31. Glorious Revolution • James II overthrown, William and Mary rise to power • Edmund Andros overthrown, Mass. Bay and Plymouth become single colony • “Leislerians and Anti-Leislerians” • What was the overall effect of the Glorious Revolution? • Why is it so important in American history? • How will this change colonial attitudes and potentially lead to future conflict?

  32. Chapter 2:Transplantations and Borderlands • Objectives: • 1. Describe the difference in cultures between the Southern and Northern English colonies. • 2. Explain the founding of each of the English colonies. • 3. How were the various European colonies different from one another( Spanish, English, French)?

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