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Integrated English -3

Integrated English -3. Unit Fifteen The Roots of Happiness. Morning speech. Suggested topics: What is happiness /Defining happiness Ingredients/ determinants of happiness Money and happiness The road to happiness. What is happiness?. [Longman] the state of being happy

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Integrated English -3

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  1. Integrated English -3 Unit Fifteen The Roots of Happiness

  2. Morning speech • Suggested topics: • What is happiness /Defining happiness • Ingredients/ determinants of happiness • Money and happiness • The road to happiness

  3. What is happiness? • [Longman] the state of being happy • happy: having feelings of pleasure, for example because something good has happened to you or you are very satisfied with your life; satisfied, not worried --Longman • happy: feeling or expressing pleasure, contentment, satisfaction, etc -- OALD

  4. T or F • With the fast economic development of our country, Chinese people are becoming happier.

  5. Happiness Index • China Daily (11/20/2010) • China ranks 125th on the Forbes' gross national happiness (GNH) index, though its GDP is now the second largest in the world. This does not surprise us, because 35.97 million people in China still live in extreme poverty. • A high GNH may sound like pie in the sky, partly because the poor have to toil hard even to get enough food and clothes to survive. Some people have been having noodles and Chinese cabbages for supper for years; others live in such remote places that it takes them a whole day to get to a town. • Such people encounter untold suffering even at the slightest rise in food prices. They suffer the most because of environment degradation, soaring housing prices and dwindling [to become gradually less in number] jobs, especially decent ones.

  6. Economic growth amid bipolarizing income certainly cannot solve their problems. The beautification projects - taller buildings, wider roads and bigger cities - only makes these vulnerable people invisible. • Households move in and out of poverty primarily because of shocks such as poor weather and crop failure, sickness or injury, and loss of job for the migrant worker in a family. • … • Although economic output has increased sharply over the past three decades, the corresponding rise in the satisfaction level of the majority of the people has been low. Instead, there has been substantial increase in depression and distrust.

  7. T or F • Money cannot buy happiness. • If you have got your health, you’ve got just everything. • Young, energetic people are happier than old, weak people. • Children bring a lot of joy and fulfillment to parents. Therefore, the people who have children are happier than those without. • Socially active people are happier than socially inactive people. …

  8. Text I of Unit 15 • The Roots of Happiness: An Empirical Analysis

  9. Questions for general understanding • What kind of writing is the text? • An academic paper in the field of social sciences. • How is an academic paper organized?

  10. Organization of an academic paper • Introduction • Literature Review • Methodology • Research question (s) • Instruments • Participants (subjects) • Data collection and analysis • Results and Discussion • Conclusion

  11. What research is done in this paper? • What is the research question? • What instruments are used in the study? • Does the author report findings of his own study or does he report findings of other people’s studies?

  12. What findings are reported? • Factors that are not very important • Factors that are important • Factors that are very important • Question: How does the author organize his findings?

  13. Organization of findings • The writer organizes the findings in a logical order, according to the degree of importance. • He starts with those factors that have little impact on happiness, goes on with those that are moderately important and ends with those very important factors.

  14. Text structure (p. 224) • How many parts can the text be divided into? • 3 parts • Which paragraph(s) comprises each part? • Introduction • (Para.1) • Body • (Para. 2-18) • Conclusion • (Para. 19-22)

  15. Part One: Introduction Vocabulary • much of speculation • hypothesis • abound • commercial

  16. Language work • 1. much of speculation:-- mostly a conjecture (or guess, opinion) without firm evidence • speculation: the act of guessing without knowing all the facts about something, or the guesses that you make • Their speculations are still far from the truth. • Former speculations about life on other planets were mere guesses.

  17. 2. hypothesis:-- an idea that is suggested as a possible way of explaining a situation, proving an idea etc. , which has not yet been shown to be true • Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why a number of ships and aircraft disappear in that area. • The hypothesis will be tested. • to prove/disprove /confirm/reject a hypothesis • Note: "Hypothesis" is borrowed from Latin. Its plural form is "hypotheses." • More examples: basis (pl. bases), thesis (pl. theses), diagnosis (pl. diagnoses)

  18. 3. abound:-- to exist in very large numbers or quantities • These essays abound in wit. • I have visited several places abounding with deer.

  19. commercial • Adj. of or for commerce 商业的,贸易的 • N. advertisement on TV or radio 广告 • commerce n. • commercialism n. (often derog) 商业主义;营利主义 • commercialize, -ise v. • commercially adv.

  20. Questions for discussion • Why does the author say that the question of the roots of happiness has been much of speculation? • How many questions are raised in the first paragraph? • Why does the author ask so many questions in the first paragraph?

  21. 1. Why does the author say that the question of the roots of happiness has been much of speculation? • There are only commonsense hypotheses about what factors lead to happiness, but so far not much empirical or theoretical study has been made on the question. The hypotheses, which have not gone through theoretical evaluation, can only be called speculation.

  22. 2. How many questions are raised in the first paragraph? • Five questions. • What exactly makes a person happy? • Do you believe it? • Is health indeed the key? • What if you’re healthy but poor, unemployed, and lonely? • Are these the factors that promote happiness?

  23. 3. Why does the author ask so many questions in the first paragraph? • The author intends to call the reader's attention to, and then proceed to explore the causes of happiness and consider whether the common beliefs are right or not. These questions have prepared the reader for the following discussion of what the real factors are.

  24. Body (Para. 2-18) • In this part the author discusses the determinants of happiness. • This part can be further divided into three subdivisions, with the first one displaying the findings of those unimportant factors, the second discussing those factors that are of moderate importance to happiness, and the third dealing with the factors that are very important.

  25. Unimportant factors (What?) • Money • Age • Gender • Parenthood • Intelligence • Physical attractiveness • community

  26. Vocabulary • 4. highlight:-- to make a problem or subject easy to notice so that people pay attention to it • The prime minister's speech highlighted the importance of military defense. • The report of Department of Commerce highlighted the need to reduce the tariffs.

  27. 5. determinant: -- something that strongly influences what you do or how you behave • The windows and the views beyond them are major determinants of a room's character.

  28. 6. influential: -- having a lot of influence and therefore changing the way people think and behave • He has been influential in shaping economic policy. • He holds the influential position of president of the chamber.

  29. 7. voracious consumption:-- the state of using in large amounts • voracious: eating or wanting large quantities of food; extremely eager to gain knowledge • Marie is a voracious reader. She is eager to read all sorts of magazines and books. • He has a voracious appetite.

  30. 8. come out short: -- to end up lacking in money • 9. affluent: having plenty of money • They have a relatively affluent way of life. • 10. shift some: to change by a small degree

  31. 11. hassle: --n. [C, U] something that is annoying, because it causes problems or is difficult to do 困难,麻烦 • It was worth all the hassle to have the room redecorated. • 12. balance ... out: to become equal • 13. negligible:-- too slight or unimportant to have any effect 可以忽略的,不重要的 • His contribution to the effort was negligible.

  32. 14. stereotype:-- a fixed idea or image of what a particular type of person or thing is like模式化的形象﹑ 思想﹑ 人物等; 老套 • She believes that she is not a good mother because she does not fit the stereotype of a woman who spends all her time with the children. • He doesn't conform to the national stereotype of an Englishman. • stereotypical adj.

  33. 15. tranquil: -- pleasantly calm, quiet and peaceful 平静,安宁 • Twilight in the forest is a very tranquil period. • 黎明或黄昏 • Mother remained tranquil despite the confusion around her. • tranquility n.

  34. 16. pastoral:-- typical of the simple peaceful life in the country乡村生活的, 田园风光的, 牧人的 • The painting showed a typical pastoral scene of shepherds watching over their grazing sheep.

  35. Unimportant factors • Money and happiness • Age and happiness • Gender and happiness • Parenthood and happiness • Intelligence and happiness • Physical attractiveness and happiness • Community

  36. 1. Money and happiness RQ: Are affluent people happier than poor people? F: A weak positive correlation: .12 Q: Wealthy people are only marginally happier than those in the middle classes or poor people. Why?

  37. Q: What is the middle class? (Para.3) • Not working class or upper class. • The middle class is the class of people including those in professional and commercial occupations. The usual criteria are: relatively median income, secondary or higher education, and work in professional jobs. • Business people, managers, doctors, lawyers, and teachers are usually regarded as middle class.

  38. 2. Age and happiness RQ: Are younger people happier than older ones? F: No. Age and happiness are consistently found to be unrelated. Q: There is no correlation between age and happiness. Why?

  39. 3. Gender and happiness RQ: Are men happier than women? Hypothesis: Women, who are treated for depressive disorders about twice as often as men, are hypothesized to be less happy on average. F: Almost no correlation between gender and happiness.

  40. 4. Parenthood and happiness RQ: Are people who have children happier than those without children? F: No correlation. Q: Parents are neither more nor less happy than childless couples. Why? A: The good and bad aspects of parenthood balance each other out.

  41. 5. Intelligence and happiness RQ: Are people with higher IQ scores happier than those without? F: No correlation is found either between IQ scores and happiness or between educational attainment and happiness.

  42. What is IQ? (Para. 7) • IQ is the abbreviation of intelligence quotient. It is a number supposed to denote a person's intelligence and obtained by dividing one's mental age by one's chronological age and multiplying the result by 100. A person of average intelligence would thus have an IQ of 100.

  43. 7. Community and happiness RQ: Are people living in rural areas happier than those living in suburban areas? F: Although people show a clear preference for the stereotype of tranquil, pastoral life in rural areas, people living in suburban and rural areas are found to be equally happy.

  44. Factors of moderate importance • Health • Social activity • Religion • Culture

  45. Vocabulary • 17. adapt to:-- to gradually change one's behavior or attitudes so that one gets used to a new situation and can deal with it successfully • The shrewd politician adapts his speech to suit the interests of his audience. • He was obliged to adapt himself to the situation.

  46. 18. spectrum:--a complete range of opinions, ideas, situations etc., going from one extreme to its opposite • The proposal has been supported by people on all sides of the political spectrum. • A wide spectrum of opinion was presented at the meeting. • The plural form of "spectrum" is "spectra." • More examples: curriculum (pl. curricula), datum (pl. data)

  47. 19. religiosity: -- the state of being excessively religious • 20. foster:-- to help an idea to develop over a period of time • I'm trying to foster an interest in classic music in my children.

  48. 21. attribute: • 1) v. attribute sth to sb/sth: regard sth as caused by sb/sth • She attributes her success to hard work and a bit of luck. • 2) n. a quality of feature, especially one that is considered to be good or useful属性,特质 • Generosity is but one of her many attributes. • Cruelty is a normal attribute of human behavior.

  49. 22. place a priority on: -- to deal with ... first and give it preferential treatment • take/have priority over

  50. 23. disparity: -- a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one • There was such disparityin the standards of living between the rich and the poor.

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