Integrated English -3

1. Integrated English -3 Unit Eight Fun, Oh Boy. Fun. You Could Die from It

2. Morning Speech • Suggested topics: • The greatest fun in my life • The secret of fun • × is fun • If I had a billion yuan and didn’t have to work, I would…

3. Text structure • What type of writing is this text?(argumentation, narration, exposition) • How many parts can we divide the text into? What are they? • Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage: • A. Objective. • B. Mocking. • C. Ironic.

4. Argumentation • 3 parts • Part I (Para. 1-5) • Introduction (initial/stipulative definition of “fun”) • Part II (Para. 6-11) • the extended definition of “fun” by negation • Part III (Para. 12-15) • Conclusion

5. Tone of the passage • Ironic • because Jordan relies on the technique of negation in defining fun so heavily that the writing verges on (接近) irony, especially in Paragraphs 7, 8, and 9. And the author uses many trite (陈腐的) expressions like “a rare jewel,”“by Jove” and “his ma’s heart sank” to strengthen the effect.

6. Title • Fun, Oh Boy. Fun. You Could Die from It. • How do you understand the title? Why “You could die from fun”? How dangerous is fun?

7. Part I –Introduction (Para. 1-5) • What is the thesis statement of the essay? • What technique does the author employ in this part of the essay? • In Paragraph 4, a series of questions has been raised. What’s the effect of it? • A stipulative definition (约定定义) of “fun” is provided in this part. What is it?

8. Language work • along the way/line: during a process or experience, or during someone's life • I've been lucky, but I've had my share of heartbreak along the way. • overshadow:- to make (somebody or something) less successful, important, or impressive by comparison with others; to dominate 使阴暗，使相形见绌 • Large oak trees overshadow the garden. 高大的栎树把花园遮得很暗. • The achievement of the men's team was overshadowed by the continuing success of the women's team.

9. What is the thesis statement of the essay? • Fun is hard to have. Fun is a rare jewel.

10. What technique does the author employ in this part of the essay? • The author uses definition, comparison /metaphor and a series of questions to introduce the topic.

11. In Paragraph 4, a series of questions has been raised. What’s the effect of it? • Here, by making a startling (or surprising) statement (the question “Was it fun?” overshadowed all other questions) and raising a series of questions, Jordan points out that fun has become the major concern of people. It has outweighed many other questions. • The forcefulness of the questions raised in succession provokes readers’ thoughts: one who seeks after fun in everything is liable to be shallow for he regards everything in the world as something trivial and funny no matter whether it is in reality something serious and grave.

12. A stipulative definition (约定定义) of “fun” is provided in this part. What is it? • Fun is hard to have. Fun is a rare jewel. • What’s the author’s attitude towards this definition?

13. Part II –an extended definition of “fun” by negation • What style does Jordan create and how does she create it? • What are some of the things that do not provide fun according to Jordan? • How do some people manage to have fun? • What relationship does the use of drugs and alcohol have to our difficulties in having fun today? • What is the relationship between big occasions and the experience of fun? • What is supposed to be fun? What fun is not according to the author?

14. be supposed to do sth • (idm 习语) be expected or required to do sth (by rules, custom, etc) 被期望或被要求（按规则﹑ 惯例等）做某事: • You're supposed to pay the bill by Friday. 你最晚在星期五结清这笔帐. • They were supposed to be here an hour ago. 他们应该在一小时以前到达这里.

15. 2. flunk: -- to fail, especially (in) a course or an exam • The boy was upset because he flunked (in) an English exam. • flunk out:--to expel or be expelled from a school or course because of work that does not meet required standards因成绩不及格而被学校除名；退学 • We didn’t flunkout, but our records weren’t so good.

16. 3. traipse:-- to walk wearily疲惫地走; 拖着脚步走 • traipse around/through/across etc • I've been traipsing around the shops all morning. • You will have to get used to a lot of people traipsing in and out of your home...

17. Paraphrase -1 • (Para. 9) One way was to step up the level of danger…, no matter what, you would… • step up :to increase the amount of an activity or the speed of a process in order to improve a situation增加，加快 • Third, we must stepup economic construction; that is, we will stepup the drive for China's four modernizations. • 第三件事,要加紧经济建设,就是加紧四个现代化建设。 • The health department is stepping up efforts to reduce teenage smoking. • stepped-up security at airports • Paraphrase: In order to have a little fun under the stress of modern life, people indulged themselves even more intensively in dangerous adventures and excessive sex, alcohol and drugs.

18. no matter what conj. 无论什么 • Day in, day out, no matter what the weather is like, she walks ten miles. • 她不管天气如何, 每天总是不间断地步行十英里。 • No matter what the results of the homemade gift look like, remember it's the thought that counts. • 不论自制礼物的结果看起来像什么, 心意才是重要。

20. rough-and-ready • 1. 潦草的;赶制的;只管快不管好的;不精美但可用的 • Here is a rough-and-ready measurement. • But it was carried on in a somewhat rough-and-ready fashion and the feelings of some people were hurt -- this was not good. 但是在做法上有些粗糙，伤了一些人，这是不好的。 • 2. 粗犷的;豪爽的 • He had a bluff, rough-and-ready face. 他的面容粗犷而干炼。

21. flick • V. ~ A (with B); ~ B (at A) strike (sb/sth) with a flick; give a flick with (sth) （用某物）轻打（某人[某物]）: • He flicked the horse with his whip/flicked his whip at the horse. 他用鞭子轻轻抽马. • (phr v) flick sth away; flick sth from/off sth remove sth with a flick 轻轻地拂去某物; 弹掉; 抖掉: • The waiter flicked the crumbs off the table. • 服务员轻轻抖掉桌上的面包屑. • flick through (sth) turn over the pages (of a book, etc) quickly, looking briefly at the contents 快速翻阅（书等）; 浏览: • Sam flicked through a magazine while he waited. • 萨姆一边等着一边翻阅杂志.

22. 4. epitome:-- an ideal; a typical representation 缩影，典型，化身 • The divisions we see in this school are the epitome of those occurring throughout the whole country. • 我们在这所学校中看到的各个部门是全国各校的缩影. • His father is the epitome of goodness. • She's the epitome of kindness. 她是仁慈的化身. • epitomize: v. to be an epitome of something • He epitomizes the loving father.她是典型的慈母. • She epitomizes all the good qualities of her family.

23. end up -- to be in a particular situation, state, or place after a series of events, especially when you did not plan it • If you continue to steal you'll endup in prison. 你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱. • You could end up running this company if you play your cards right. 你要是处理得当, 到头来这个公司能归你掌管. • end up doing sthMost slimmers (减肥者) end up putting weight back on. • end up withAnyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset. • end up asHe could end up as President. • end up likeI don't want to end up like my parents.

24. Part II –an extended definition of “fun” by negation • What style does Jordan create and how does she create it? • What are some of the things that do not provide fun according to Jordan? • How do some people manage to have fun? • What relationship does the use of drugs and alcohol have to our difficulties in having fun today? • What is the relationship between big occasions and the experience of fun? • What is supposed to be fun? What fun is not according to the author?

25. What style does Jordan create and how does she create it? • Jordan creates a very conversational style by using “everybody,”“everything,”“Golly gee,”“By Jove.”

26. What are some of the things that do not provide fun according to Jordan? • Failing in a test, dirty bumpers, sticky refrigerator doors are some of the things that are not sources of fun.

27. How do some people manage to have fun? • Some people resort to thrilling ways such as adventures, immoral actions, crimes or alcohol to have fun.

28. What relationship does the use of drugs and alcohol have to our difficulties in having fun today? • Today when people live under unprecedented stress, they can hardly relax and the monotonous routine work is not exciting enough for them. Only when they indulge themselves in drugs and alcohol can they forget the worries of the day and have a little fun.

29. What is the relationship between big occasions and the experience of fun? • With high expectations for fun, people are not content with the joy that big occasions such as holidays, weddings or birthdays bring them. To make up for the inadequacy of fun and joy, they are still expecting the next big occasion which might bring them excitement.

30. What is supposed to be fun? What fun is not according to the author? • Family outings, sex, education, work, Walt Disney, church, staying fit… • Family outings to Disney World, television commercials, big occasions (Christmas, Thanksgiving, Easter), wedding day, honeymoon…

31. One more question: • In which paragraph does the writer switch from an ironic to an affirmative view of what fun can be? • A: Paragraph 12 is the turning point where the writer switches from negation to affirmation. With the last 3 paragraphs presented mostly affirmative, the tone is thus turned from irony to matter-of-factness.

32. Part III –conclusion (Para. 12-15) • According to Jordan, how should we treat fun? • How does Jordan develop Paragraph 13? • What does “It may even come on a Tuesday” mean? • Why does Jordan use an anecdote to conclude her essay? • Two simple, direct statements are used to begin and end the essay. What is the effect of these statements? • An imaginary event is presented in Paragraph 8 and a real event in Paragraph 14. What’s the function of the narration of these two events? • What according to the author is fun?

33. 5. damper: -- (informal) something that stops an occasion from being as enjoyable as it was intended to be 扫兴 • The bad news put/cast/threw a damper on the party. • Will the snow put a bit of a damper on your hike (徒步旅行) plans?

34. Paraphrase -2 • (Para. 13) The god of mirth is paying us back for… • pay back偿还; 报复; 报答 • I‘ll payback the money you lent me next week.下星期我把你借给我的钱还给你。 • One day I' ll payback that boy who broke my bike ! 总有一天我得对弄坏我自行车的那个男孩报复一下 • Paraphrase: We have long assumed that fun was easy to have, but now we are paying a price for that shallow-mindedness, i.e., our party is hardly as much fun as it is intended to be.

35. 6. blaspheme:-- to swear; to use words which show a lack of respect for God or religion • The bank manager began to rage and blaspheme (against) God.亵渎神的名 • The spiritual leader charged that the film blasphemed Islam.

36. 7. malted milk:-- a soluble powder made of dried milk, malted barley, and wheat flour <美>麦乳精, 麦芽乳 • 8. chunky • (1) (of candy, etc. ) containing small, thick pieces 含有大块水果等的 • chunky peanut butter; chunky soup • (2) (of a man) short and strong; stocky 敦实的，矮胖的 • A chunky man usually has a wide upper body and looks strong.

37. 9. scan: • (1) to examine (something) carefully, with the eyes or with a machine, in order to obtain information 细看 • She anxiously scanned the faces of the young men leaving the train in the hope of finding her son. • (2) To scan a text can also mean to look through it quickly in order to find a piece of information that one wants or get a general idea of what the text contains. 浏览 • Now, scan the newspaper article quickly and make a note of the main points.

38. According to Jordan, how should we treat fun? • We should treat fun respectfully. Fun is not supposed to be everywhere. We cannot easily get fun out of everything.

39. How does Jordan develop Paragraph 13? • To develop the idea, the author uses definition: “it is a mystery,” and comparison and contrast. Some figurative techniques are employed to further define what fun is, which include the personification: “When fun comes in on little dancing feet, you probably won’t be expecting it” and simile; “It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal.”

40. What does “It may even come on a Tuesday” mean? • Tuesday is a workday, the day following the blue Monday. It is commonly regarded as an ordinary day when everyone is supposed to do the routine work. As a rule, no holidays, no big occasions would take place on this day. But if we treat fun properly, we can have fun even on such an ordinary day.

41. Why does Jordan use an anecdote to conclude her essay?*anecdoten short, interesting or amusing story about a real person or event 轶事, 逸闻（关于真人真事的短小有趣的事 • Here Jordan suggests that it is easier for children to have fun than it is for grown-ups.

42. Two simple, direct statements are used to begin and end the essay. What is the effect of these statements? • Simple and direct as they are, the two statements are effective enough to convey the message that fun is a rare jewel, but fun could also be easy to have if we treat it properly.

43. An imaginary event is presented in Paragraph 8 and a real event in Paragraph 14. What’s the function of the narration of these two events? • In the imaginary event, the elaborate preparation of the parents was wasted and the child failed to have the expected fun whereas in the real event, the simple childish behavior gave the children the satisfaction and joy. With a comparison of these events, the author suggests that what is supposed to be fun may not enable one to have a good time. The simple joy of life is the real fun people are seeking.

44. What according to the author is fun? • Fun, according to Jordan, is not a family visit to Disney World; nor is it celebrating big occasions. • Fun is simple pleasure in life which lies rather in one’s work and the fulfillment of one’s duty.

45. Text Comprehension -II. • 1. T. Refer to Paragraph 7. People who indulge themselves with fun-seeking take their lives less seriously. They don’t care about flunking test papers or dirty bumpers; they just put a smile on their faces when they meet with such “trivialities.”

46. 2. F. Refer to Paragraphs 11 and 12. Big occasions like Christmas, wedding days, and honeymoons are supposed to be fun; however, they are not necessarily fun as the author points out in Paragraph 12 that “not much is (fun).”

47. 3. T. The statement “It may even come on a Tuesday” in Paragraph 13 suggests that fun does not come from playing or enjoying oneself on weekends but from working and the fulfillment of one’s duty during weekdays.

48. 4. F. Jordan sounds a bit regretful when saying that those days made her really regretful that she had to grow up, but the purpose of doing so is not to lament over the passage of the innocent childhood days. By doing so, she drives home (makes clear) forcefully the essence of fun.

49. Text comprehension -III. • 1. Advertisements help to develop modern people’s fun fetish by setting an example for us to follow and showing how much fun we can get from consuming all the items being advertised.

50. 2. Jordan was twelve at the time she remembers having an especially wonderful time. She had a fun night to look forward to that day and she had lots of candies and her friend kept imitating a sailor’s posture and words. All these were simple forms of fun yet keen to a girl of twelve. More importantly, she was a simple, innocent girl without a dulled (变迟钝的) and insatiable (unsatisfied) appetite for fun; that is why she could feel the fun of simple joys.