1. Human Reproductive System Review Mrs. Degl

2. Male Reproductive System Mrs. Degl

3. Sperm Formation • MEIOSIS forms sperm in gametes • Sperm forms in testes • Scrotum keeps cooler than rest • Semen is sperm plus protecting fluid • Semen leaves testes through the vas deferens (sperm ducts) to the urethra before it exits. Mrs. Degl

4. Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Male • Produced by testosterone • Deeper voice • Chest and facial hair • Lengthen bones • Increased size of testes for sperm production Mrs. Degl

5. Female Reproductive System Mrs. Degl

6. Ovum Formation • MEIOSIS forms the eggs (ova) • Eggs are formed before birth • 1 egg per month is matured and released from ovaries, most of the time • Eggs travel through the fallopian tube where they may become fertilized Mrs. Degl

7. Secondary Sexual Characteristics - Female • Induced by increased LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone hormone levels • Pubic hair • Widen pelvis • Enlarge mammary tissue (breasts) • Begin menstrual cycles Mrs. Degl

8. Fertilization • Occurs in upper 1/3 of Fallopian tube • Only 1 sperm can fertilize an egg • Fertilized egg = zygote • An average woman is pregnant (gestational period) for 9 whole months. That is 40 weeks. Babies can survive if they are born earlier, but they may have complications due to being premature. Mrs. Degl

9. Implantation • Fertilized eggs are implanted into thick walls of uterus • Chorion membranes dig into uterus to form placenta • Zygote grows into an embryo • Embryo gets air and nutrients through the umbilical cord • Once pregnant, progesterone levels stay high in mom • Mom’s uterus grows with the baby Mrs. Degl

10. 1st Trimester = 1st 12 weeks • Heart develops first • Neural tube develops • All body systems appear by Week 8 – Now a Fetus Mrs. Degl

11. 2nd Trimester = up to 24 weeks • Most growth • Looks more like a baby • Some preemies survive at this stage Mrs. Degl

12. 3rd Trimester= Up to 40 weeks • More growth • Kicking, rolling, stretching • Eyes open – Week 32 • Lungs mature • Rotates to head-down position, unless baby is breech Mrs. Degl

13. Birth • Labor • Uterine contractions begin • Cervix dilates to 10 cm. • Birth • Uterus pushes baby through vaginal canal • Placenta delivered after baby • Cesarean Section (c-section) is a surgery that cuts through the uterus to deliver the baby if it cannot be born vaginally Mrs. Degl