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THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. Day 1. The Reproductive System. Consists of organs which enable reproduction Includes internal organ and external genitalia Produces reproductive cells, hormones and other substances needed for reproduction

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THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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  1. THE HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Day 1

  2. The Reproductive System • Consists of organs which enable reproduction • Includes internal organ and external genitalia • Produces reproductive cells, hormones and other substances needed for reproduction • The reproductive systems in males and females are different from one another Day 2

  3. GROWTH OF A HUMAN BEING Day 2

  4. The MALE reproductive system • Testes produce sperm cells and a hormone called testosterone • Sperm cells undergo maturation in the testis • Fluids produced in the glands inside your body and sperm cells form semen Day 2

  5. The MALE reproductive system • Major parts of the male reproductive system Day 2

  6. Purpose of Male Reproductive System • Spermatogenesis • Hormone production • Deliver the sperm • to the egg

  7. Testis • Contains seminiferous tubules, which are the sites of sperm production

  8. Sperm production

  9. Semen • Sperm • Fluid from seminal vesicles • Contains prostaglandins • Alkaline fluid from prostate gland • Mucous alkaline lubricant from Cowper’s or bulbourethral gland

  10. The FEMALE Reproductive system • The egg cells and hormones progesterone and estrogen are produced in the ovaries • Females are born with two million immature egg cells; no new cells are produced after Day 2

  11. The FEMALE reproductive system • Major parts of the female reproductive system Day 2 Day 4

  12. Female Reproductive System

  13. Its ovulation time!

  14. Menstrual cycle: hormones!

  15. Follicular (Ovarian) Cycle

  16. The Menstrual cycle • Release of blood and tissue of a female through the vagina • Has 2 phases • Phase 1: 14 days; starts with menstruation and ends during ovulation • When menstruation ends, the uterine lining grows and thickens in preparation for pregnancy • Several eggs start to mature in the ovary • The ovary releases a hormone that will trigger start of ovulation Day 4

  17. The Menstrual cycle • Phase 2: 14 days; starts after ovulation • Uterine lining starts to thicken further with blood vessels • If no pregnancy, the level of hormones drop causing the breakdown of the uterine lining • This causes menstruation • This is also the first sign of puberty in females Day 4

  18. Day 4

  19. Day 4

  20. Sexual Intercourse (AKA Coitus) • Sexual arousal prepares male and female organs for coitus • Male organ enters the female organ. • Orgasm in the male leads to ejaculation of sperm-containing semen from the male organ into the female organ • If lucky, the winning sperm cell will encounter a viable egg cell and fertilization occurs

  21. Fertilization • The process of the sperm cell entering the egg cell and the combination of the haploid genes from each of the gametes to form a diploid embryo

  22. Pregnancy • The condition of carrying embryo(s) in the uterus • Culminates in birth brought about by strong uterine contractions

  23. Ectopic pregnancy

  24. Embryo

  25. Preembryo becomes embryo as three primary germ layers form. Gastrulation Prembryo Embryo

  26. Triploblastic Layers Ectoderm Mesoderm Fetal Skeletons Endoderm

  27. Developmental Events-Table 28.2Feeding the Growing FetusThe Third Trimester

  28. Forceps Natural Delivery Caesarean

  29. Common disorders of the Reproductive system Day 4

  30. females males • Irregular menstrual cycle • Caused by failure to ovulate or blocked fallopian tubes • Tissue growth outside the uterus • Hormonal imbalances • Impotence • Inability to have sexual intercourse • Low sperm count • > 20Mil/ml of semen • Physical injury, Klinefelter’s syndrome • Disorders may be caused by lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol and drug consumption Day 4

  31. Care for the Reproductive system • Wash private parts daily to get rid of bacteria • Avoid wearing tight pants or underwear as they can cause skin irritation, heat to build up in the groin area • This can affect the sperm count in males • Avoid using perfumed soaps and toilet papers • Have regular medical checkups Day 4

  32. STDs

  33. APPLICATIONS OF REPRODUCTION Day 4

  34. Increase in population (You don’t say?) • Through Artificial Insemination • Sperm is collected, processed and artificially delivered to a female animal • Through Embryo transfer • Fertilized eggs are placed in the uterus of a female animal *these methods are used for breeding cows, chickens, etc. *improves food production for the human population Day 4

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