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Nutrient Removal with Grazing Cattle: Effective Management Practices

This study from Oklahoma State University examines the nutrient removal efficiency of grazing cattle, highlighting the importance of body composition and nutrient cycling. It compares different grazing systems using factors like litter treatment and commercial fertilizer, providing insights into protein and nutrient gains. The economic analysis includes costs associated with grazing management and ensures environmentally sustainable practices. The findings emphasize the role of cattle as nutrient recyclers, supporting livestock producers in optimizing their grazing strategies for productivity and sustainability.

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Nutrient Removal with Grazing Cattle: Effective Management Practices

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  1. NUTRIENT REMOVAL WITH GRAZING CATTLESteven C. SmithArea Extension Livestock SpecialistMcAlester, OK Oklahoma State University

  2. More grass = more cattle

  3. BODY COMPOSITION • Across species and age, fat-free body composition is remarkably similar. water 74-76% protein 20-22% ash 3-5% • Fat: <5% to over 40%. cattle, goats, mice, rats, sheep, swine, chickens, quail, turkeys, fish & humans OSU

  4. Body Composition, Cattle Weight Water Protein Fat Ash Newborn 74 19.0 3 4.0 200 70 19.6 6 4.6 400 66 19.3 11 4.4 600 62 19.2 14 4.6 800 58 18.7 19 4.2 1000 53 17.6 26 3.8 Armsby, Pond

  5. FUNCTIONS OF N & P • Phosphorus found in: • Bone 17-18% • Phospholipids (fats) used in cell metabolism, structure, membranes, energy metabolism • Blood serum, RNA & DNA & enzymes • Nitrogen used as a component of protein, found in blood, excreted in urine & as component of feces.

  6. BRIGGS GRAZING DEMO. • Growing, breeding, 823# heifers • Stocking rate • .9A/head for litter treatment • .9A/head for commercial fertilizer • 2.5A/head for control • Season gains • 107# litter • 125# commercial fertilizer • 71# control OSU Extension

  7. NUTRIENTS REMOVED BY CATTLE • Litter, 107# gain • 5.36# protein= .86# N, .21# P (44% fat) • Commercial Fertilizer, 125# gain • 5.33# protein= .85# N, .21# P (51% fat) • Control, 71# gain • 6.95# protein = 1.12# N, .27# P (27% fat)

  8. NUTRIENT REMOVAL CROP N, lbs P, lbs Corn (60 bu/A) 43 8.8 Milo (30 bu/A) 27 4.8 Bermuda hay (3 tons/A) 86 10.3 --------------------------------------------------------------- Corn 9%CP .29%P Milo 11 .32 Ber. Hay 10 .19 NRC, 1996

  9. $$$ ECONOMICS • Broiler litter, $9/T ($50/load, spread) • Urea @ $180/T = $0.20/# N • Opportunity cost of land = $80/acre/yr • no taxes, fencing, weed control, etc • 6 month grazing season • Stocking rate • litter = .6A/head or 1.7 head/A • fertilizer = .6A/head or 1.7 head/A • no fertilizer = 1.5 A/head or .7 head/A

  10. BUDGET, 450# Stocker Cattle No fert Litter Fert. • Fert. $/A 0 30 38 • Opp. $/A/Y 80 80 80 • Total 80 110 118 • Forage $/head* 60 42 47 • Brkvn. price 79.50 77.11 77.84 *1/2 land + fert x stocking rate

  11. OSU Extension Cattle are nutrient recyclers, not nutrient harvesters.

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