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Honors Chem Ch 10 Pg 329 Matter

Honors Chem Ch 10 Pg 329 Matter. Kinetic Theory – particles of matter are in motion Elastic Collisions – particles bounce off with no net loss of energy (energy could transfer). Gas Pg 330. Expand Are fluid (flow) Have low density Can be compressed

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Honors Chem Ch 10 Pg 329 Matter

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  1. Honors Chem Ch 10 Pg 329Matter • Kinetic Theory – particles of matter are in motion • Elastic Collisions – particles bounce off with no net loss of energy (energy could transfer)

  2. Gas Pg 330 • Expand • Are fluid (flow) • Have low density • Can be compressed • Diffuse – spread from high to low concentration • Effuse – pass through holes in balloons, etc lighter gas = faster effusion Pg 388 #5 (sterile rooms kept at high P so air effuses out not in) 7. Can condense back into liquid by removing energy called Heat of VaporizationHvand slowing down particles (condensation) 8. Can deposit back into solid if Heat of FusionHfis removed (frost on windshield)

  3. Liquids Pg 334 • Higher density than gas • Incompressible • Diffuses (ink in water Pg 334) • Pulled together by surface tension(drops) • Pulled to sides of container by capillary action (meniscus and stems of plants) • Can evaporate from surface without boiling (volatile if evap quickly like alcohol and fuels Pg 343) 7. Boils throughout (not just surface evap) with added energy called Heat of VaporizationHvPg 344-45 8. Can turn to solid at freezing point by removing Heat of FusionHf Pg 346

  4. Solids Pg 338 • made of definite crystals (except amorphous ones like glass, plastic, semiconductors in electronics Pg 341) • Definite shape and volume • Definite melting point (intensive property) when Heat of FusionHfadded • Most have higher density than liquids (ice and cork do not so they float) • Incompressible • Low diffusion • Can go through sublimation and turn straight to gas if Heat of VaporizationHvadded (dry ice)

  5. Phase Diagrams – graph that shows temperatures and pressures for different states of matter Pg 347 **note that high press means high BP (pressure cooker is HOT) • Triple point – temp and pressure that could maintain all 3 states of matter at same time • Critical point – max temp and pressure for liquid to exist • Good review picture Pg 348 and handout

  6. Pressure Chapter 11 Pg 361 • Pressure = Force / Area • Smaller area = more force • One nail punctures, bed of nails okay • Skinny lady in spiked heels punctures, fat guy in flat shoes okay • Force is measured in Newtons • Area is measured in cm2

  7. Pressure is measured in 1 atmosphere = 760 mm of Hg or Torrs Pg 363 = 101.3 kiloPascals = 14.7 pounds per square inch Pg 365 Practice 1,2 Pg 364 STP = 0 oC or 273 K, 1 atm

  8. Gas Laws Pg 370 • Boyles’s Law - PV = PVgraph Pg 370!! IfPincreases (indepvar/x axis), thenVdecreases (depend var/y axis) inverseproportion!!! Pg 370 Practice #1 2. Charles’ Law - V/T = V/T graph Pg 372!! IfTincreases (indepvar/x axis), then Vincreases (depend var/ y axis) direct proportion!!! Pg 372 Practice #1,2 K = C + 273

  9. Gay-Lussac’s Law – P/T = P/T graph Pg 373!! IfTincreases (indepvar/x axis), thenPincreases (depend var/y axis) direct proportion!!! Pg 374 Practice 1-3 4. Combined Gas Law – PV/T = PV/T Pg 375 Practice 1,2

  10. 5. Ideal Gas Law – PV = nRT pressure (volume) = # moles (.0821) (temp) atm (L) (K) use .0821 for R with atm, L, and K see Pg 384 for other values of R 1 mole of any ideal gas =22.4 Liters of vol !!! Pg 381 Practice #1,2 Pg 382 Practice #1-3 Pg 385 Practice #1,2

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