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Understanding Neutrinos: History, Oscillations, and Experiments Worldwide

This outline explores the fascinating world of neutrinos, detailing their historical context, the phenomenon of oscillations, and global experimental efforts. Key experiments, such as SNO and Super-Kamiokande, provide insights into neutrino interaction types and their detection. The discussion covers solar and atmospheric neutrinos, long-baseline accelerator experiments, and new opportunities in neutrino research. As the field continues to evolve, ongoing experiments promise to deepen our understanding of neutrino masses, mixing angles, and potential CP violation in this elusive subatomic particle.

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Understanding Neutrinos: History, Oscillations, and Experiments Worldwide

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Outline • Neutrino History • n Oscillations • World Tour of n Experiments • Solar n • Atmospheric n • Long-Baseline Accelerator n • Nu opportunities • Superbeams/ n factories

  2. Testing Oscillations In the design of any neutrino oscillation experiment, you want to measure something (x) which will be different if oscillations exist; e.g. Nevent , R=NC/CC, Nkink In general, x = x(q,Dm2) often x~ x(Pn1n2)

  3. What SNO tells us Super-K has measured nene, which is a mixture of NC&CC • NCnienie , i=e,m,t have same cross section • CCneenee only  they measure a mix of ne nmnt SNO measures primarily ned ppe (CC breakup) Together, one gets ftotal, fe • ftotal is not low

  4. nt interaction discovery • DONUT - Fermilab beam dump experiment published 2000 • nt expected from Dstnt decay • 203 n events in photographic emulsion • See 4 events, expect 4.1  1.4 • Background from charm & hadrons 0.41  0.15

  5. What we know: q23~45o; Dm223~.001-.01 eV2 q12 &Dm223 SMA, LMA, LOW or just-so sin2q13 < 0.05 What we want to know Dm223 better Which solar solution? See oscillations See t’s ---------------------------------------- see q13 or limit to 10-3 CP violation Matter effects Sign of Dm223 The truth about n’s

  6. How Long is Long? Definitions of “Long-Baseline” (my use is for accelerator based experiments) • Webster - (long - measuring much, or more than usual, from end-to-end in space or time) • Practical - Off site • Useful (Beam) - The distance from the n source to the detector is much greater than the length of the decay pipe. • Useful (Physics) - L >> En/Dm2

  7. MINOS A neutrino beam from Illinois to Minnesota

  8. Advertisement • Free monthly neutrino rumor newsletter --~100 lines, send “subscribe” to maury.goodman@anl.gov or see http://www.hep.anl.gov/ndk/longbnews/ • Neutrino Oscillation Industry Web Page http://www.hep.anl.gov/ndk/hypertext/nuindustry.html

  9. Conclusion • The n world is one in which there has been much recent progress (n mass; mixing). • New insights are expected soon (KamLAND, Borexino, K2K, MINOS) • Another round of experiments at “superbeams” and n factories will tell us more.

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