HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION AND IMPERIALISM

1. HISTORICAL GLOBALIZATION AND IMPERIALISM The Silk road Capitalism Industrialization Imperialism

2. THE SILK ROAD • The desire for rare treats was an early prompter of international trade • Over time extensive trading routes developed overland and overseas • The oldest and longest trading network was known as the Silk Road • It was a network of trails involving river valleys, mountain ranges, and deserts • Beginning in the first century AD/CE, merchants diplomats and travellers used the routes that stretched from the Roman Empire in the west to China in the east

3. THE SILK ROAD ROUTES

4. THE SILK ROAD ROUTES • Exchanges were not only economic, but cultural, scientific, religious, linguistic • Cities along the routes became cultural and artistic capitals, as well as centers of commerce • Mercantilism a system of regulated international trade promoted by the European governments, designed to make European monarchs rich emerged • In the 1500s, Spain, England, France and Portugal sponsored colonies in search of natural resources • Major companies including the Dutch and British East India companies developed • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfe-eNq-Qyg&safe=active

5. THE SILK ROAD ROUTES • Mercantilism was Eurocentric, putting the needs of the Europeans above the needs of the Indigenous peoples • Some partnerships were founded on respect, but that was not the norm • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9W4e_rN15xA&feature=related&safe=active John Cabot, claimed what is today Newfoundland shortly after the voyages of Columbus

6. THE NAMES FOR CAPITALISM

7. EARLY CAPITALISM • The 18th century was a time for challenging conventional ideas • François Quesney and A.R.J. Turgot led the fight for economic freedom during the French revolution • Adam Smith(1723-1790) solidified his views in his work The Wealth of Nations

8. BASIC BELIEFS OF CAPITALISM • private property • price system based on supply and demand • competition • freedom to buy and sell • the profit motive • Minimal government intervention in economy • inequalities of wealth • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eP6iujgeWI&safe=active

9. COMPETITION AND FREEDOM • Key to Smith’s beliefs was the role of entrepreneurs • He believed the people were basically greedy, but society would benefit from this greed • However, from the earliest stages there were many who were critical of the capitalist philosophy • However one must understand that capitalism is the foundation of economic globalization today

10. ALTERNATIVES TO CAPITALISM • John Stuart Mill thought that government should enact laws to protect workers • Karl Marx came up with the concept of Central planning, where people work for government-owned and government-controlled enterprises • Russia, China and Cuba have all used central planning systems • In recent years many of these economies have taken steps towards capitalism • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evofbl4PajM&safe=active

11. INDUSTRIALIZATION • Quite simply the shift from home based production using highly skilled craftspeople, to factory based production using semi-skilled workers • In England the transformation was so dramatic the term Industrial Revolution was applied • Cottage industries are places where a skilled craftsman does work by hand from the raw material to finished product stage

12. INDUSTRIALIZATION • New inventions helped both the consistency of products and the volume, which translated into lower costs for the consumer • In the early days, factory workers were in abundance, as a result they were treated poorly, paid poorly, and worked in unsafe and dangerous conditions • There were no protections for factory workers • Soon some enlightened thinkers like Robert Owen tried to improve the conditions for workers at his New Lanark factory • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DimdZpZJTmY&safe=active

13. IMPERIALISM AND EUROCENTRISM • Imperialism is an association that intentionally benefits one country over another • It is accomplished by laying claim to territories inhabited by indigenous peoples, and seizing land and resources through conflict or warfare, and finally imposing political control • During the 17th and 18th centuries European competition in imperialism was at its apex • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTjBNppdk-M&feature=related&safe=active

14. Who do each of the figures in the cartoon represent? In what ways is the cartoon a commentary on old style imperialism?Who is the cartoon sympathetic to? Who is it critical of? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJe1W_HIWmA&feature=related&safe=active

15. EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM • There were three distinct forms of imperialism practiced by the Europeans • Colonies, territories that belonged to a European country, it was completely subject to that European country • Protectorate, an area that maintained it’s own sovereignty but was guided by a European Country • Sphere of influence, an area in which a European country attempted to control both politics and economics

16. TRADE AND IMPERIALISM • The European countries imported raw materials from colonies and then produced finished goods using those materials, which were than market back to the source countries • In order to maintain this arrangement, European countries often impeded industrial development in their colonies, and placed restricted trading practices

17. THE IMPACTS OF IMPERIALISM • Indigenous peoples were often displaced • Indigenous systems of government and commerce were replaced by European systems • Exploitation of raw materials by Colonizing nations • Loss of Indigenous cultures and languages • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu6-TLC0NRQ&feature=related&safe=active