Characteristics of Living Things

1. Characteristics of Living Things

2. 1) All living things are composed of one or more cells Unicellular Organisms include…

3. 1) All living things are composed of one or more cells • Multicellular Cells include…

4. Give an example of cell specialization….

5. Why couldn’t a protist exhibit cell specialization?

6. 2) All living things undergo growth and development • Changes in size • Changes in form • Changes in abilities • All occuring within the lifespan of an organism

7. 2) All living things undergo growth and development

8. 2) All living things undergo growth and development

9. What is the difference between growth in unicellular and multicellular organisms?

10. What evidence do you see of “growth and development” in the diagram? Give at least one example of each examples.

11. 3) All living things reproduce: Asexual

12. Asexual Reproduction • 1) One Parent Organism • 2) Offspring are identical (genetically) to the parent • 3) Most common in 1 cell organisms (bacteria and protists) and fungi • 4) Best suited for stable (unchanging) environments (If its not broke – don’t fix it)

13. 3) All living things reproduce: Sexual

14. Sexual Reproduction • 1) 2 Parents • 2) Genetic Variability between parents and offspring (they don’t match) • 3) Occurs in ALL animals and plants • 4) Genetic Variation give the species more opportunities to survive in an unstable (changing) environment

15. What does the term “fertile” mean when we say “fertile offspring?

16. What does it mean to have fertile offspring? • Fertile offspring can have babies of their own • Example: a pug and a Rottweiler could have fertile puppies (strange but true)….therefore the pug and Rottweiller are the same species

17. What does it mean to have fertile offspring? • Example: A horse and a donkey can mate and produce an offspring known as a mule • However, the mule is sterile (it can not reproduce) • Therefore horse and donkeys belong to different species

18. Lions and Tigers (and bears) OH MY! • Ligers are the result of a lion dad and a tiger mom. • Tigons are the result of a tiger dad and a lion mom • Female Ligers and Tigons are fertile, while male Ligers and Tigons are sterile • What does this say about lions and tigers as separate species?

19. What does the survival of a species depend on? • Reproduction What happens if a species does not reproduce? • They go extinct

20. 4) Living things adapt and evolve over time

21. 5) Living things adapt and evolve over time

22. Adaptations you might recognize…

23. Why do some types of traits survive and others don’t? • Some are better suited for the environment • Would you wear high heels to run in a track meet? Would you were hiking boots to a black tie formal event? • WHY NOT???

24. An example….

25. Where do new traits come from? • MUTATIONS! • A mutation is a change in the DNA • Changes can… • BE HELPFUL • BE HARMFUL • MAKE NO DIFFERENCE

26. Mutations are not “directable” • Can we create mutations on purpose? • Can we wish for or will into existence mutations? • Can we control what mutations come into being?

27. Group vs Individual • IMPORTANT!!! – An individual organism can not evolve • A group (like a species or a population) can evolve

28. Sexual Reproduction create genetic variety. How does this help an organism evolve to be better adapted to its environment?

29. 5) Living things obtain and use energy for metabolic processes

30. Cell Respiration • The process ALL living things use to turn food into useable energy • NOT the same as breathing

31. What do we need energy for? • Digestion • Heartbeat and circulating blood • Movement • Breathing • Sending and receiving nerve impulses • Growth • Reproduction • Obtaining/Making Food • Getting rid of waste • Maintaining Stable internal temperature • Maintaining stable internal pH

32. How do we get the food that is broken down for energy during cell respiration? Autotrophs • Some organisms can make their own food • They make food in a process called photosynthesis • Includes all plants, some protists and some bacteria

33. How do we get the food that is broken down for energy during cell respiration? Heterotrophs • Organisms that can’t make their own food must eat or absorb it from other organisms • Includes all animals, fungi, some protists and some bacteria

35. IMPORTANT… • SOME organisms can go through photosynthesis • ALL organisms go through cellular respiration

36. What would happen if metabolic processes stopped? • We would die

37. Use the diagram to explain the relationship between photosynthesis and cell respiration C6H12O6

38. 6) Living things have a lifespan • This means at some point they die

40. Why can’t organisms just live forever? • Damage to cells and/or tissures and/or organs

41. 7) Organisms respond to their environment

42. What is the goal of these responses? • To maintain Homeostasis What is homeostasis? • Maintaining a stable internal environment

43. The pinch and the ouch

44. Stimuli can be INTERNAL or EXTERNAL

45. INTERNAL – What’s the stimulus? What’s the response?

46. EXTERNAL – What’s the stimulus? What’s the response?

47. EXTERNAL – What’s the stimulus? What’s the response?

48. INTERNAL – What’s the stimulus? What’s the response?

49. EXTERNAL – What’s the stimulus? What’s the response?

50. Internal Stimulus • When blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin hormone into the blood. • Insulin enhances the transport of glucose into body cells and stimulates the liver and muscle cells to store glucose as glycogen. • When blood glucose level drops, the pancreas secretes the hormone glucagon, which opposes the effect of insulin. • Glucagon promotes the breakdown of glycogen in theliver and the release of glucose into the blood, increasing blood glucose level