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Explore the essential elements of meteorology, focusing on weather fronts, pressure systems, and cloud types. Cold fronts are characterized by cold air masses replacing warm air, leading to the formation of storm clouds like Cumulonimbus and Nimbostratus. In contrast, warm fronts bring layered clouds such as Cirrus and Altostratus. Discover the differences between stationary and occluded fronts, as well as high-pressure systems that clear skies and low-pressure systems that bring rain. Learn how meteorologists utilize technology, including satellites and weather maps, to predict weather patterns effectively.
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Fronts, pressures, clouds • Fronts - leading edge of a moving air mass. • Pressures – areas of sinking or rising air. • Clouds – visible mass of water or ice in the atmosphere.
Cold Fronts • Cold air mass replaces warm air mass. • Large clouds form – • Cumulonimbus (dark gray storm cloud) • Nimbostratus (dark gray, thick snow cloud)
Warm Front • Warm air mass replaces a cold air mass. • Produces a series of clouds: • Cirrus (wispy and transparent) • Cirrostratus (white veils) • Cirrocumulus (rolled patches) • Altostratus (gray sheet or layer) • Altocumulus (patches or rolls) • Stratocumulus (lumpy)
Stationary Front • Occurs when air masses stop moving. • Noticeable temperature and wind direction change.
Occluded Front • Occurs in a Low Pressure system. • Cold front catches up with a warm front.
High Pressure H • Areas of sinking air that move clockwise – called anticlones. • Clear, nearly cloudless skies. • Pushes bad weather away
Low Pressure L • Area of rising air in a counter-clockwise direction called cyclones. • Cloudy, sometimes rainy days.
Meteorology • Meteorologists are scientists who study the causes of weather and try to predict it. • They use maps, charts, and computers to analyze weather data and prepare forecasts. • Use radar to track precipitation • National Weather service tracks weather and issues warnings and watches.
Weather Technology • Weather balloons – carry instruments high into atmosphere to measure temp., pressure, and humidity. • Satellites – in upper atmosphere; measure temp, humidity, wind speed and direction, solar radiation, and give images of clouds and storms.
Weather Technology (con’t) • Weather stations – on surface; measure temp, pressure, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed and direction. • Computers – process gathered info quickly and help forecasters make predictions using calculations.
Reading Weather Maps • This is the type of weather map produced by the National Weather Service. It shows data collected from many weather stations.
Reading Weather Maps • Weather maps in newspapers use symbols to show fronts, high- and low-pressure areas, and precipitation. Color bands indicate different temperature ranges.
