C. Warren Ferguson Ten Sails Ubisense warren.ferguson@tensails 3 May 2005

1. C. Warren FergusonTen Sails Ubisensewarren.ferguson@tensails.com3 May 2005 In-Building Location Intelligence

2. In-Building Location Classic Challenges Problem 1: Signal occlusion Line of sight systems need too much infrastructure Problem 2: Multipath distortion Low-bandwidth RF is not accurate enough ...nowthere are FCC certified UWB indoor location systems

3. Multipath Signals reflecting off walls and doors Line of sight Between transmitter and receiver Location tracking technologies Mobile phones Microwave Ultrasound Laser Infrared UWB WiFi RFID In-Building Location Tracking

4. VARIOUS Ultrawideband (UWB) 0.1m real time ACCURACY BARRIER RESOLUTION 1m 5 second latency SCALABILITY BARRIER IR/RF GPS UMTS 10m long latency SCALE ROOM BUILDING COMPLEX CITY Cost Effective Accuracy

5. UWB in Challenging Indoor Environments Power With conventional RF, reflections in in-building environments distort the direct path signal, making accurate pulse timing difficult Rx direct path signal reflected signal reflected signal Time Power With UWB the direct path signal can be distinguished from the reflections, making pulse timing easier Tx Time

6. In-Building Location Systems Characteristics • Accuracy • Beware of “as good as …” • Cost • Tag versus infrastructure cost • Infrastructure • Update rates • Tag size and form factor • Tag battery life Requirements • High accuracy • 6 inch 3D accuracy • Real-time response • Action and reaction in less than 0.05 second • Scalability • Supports hundreds of thousands of updates and millions of square feet • Spatial application development • Models and reports on the interactions of objects & space • Easy integration • Industry standard integration, support for external sftw & hdw

7. Implications for UWB - accuracy Nearest printer Mobile desktops Camera tracking Required accuracy is application-dependent 10-15cm (95%,2D) will enable most applications Phone call routing Shared devices Pointing applications 3cm 3m 1m 30cm 10cm For interactive applications, best results are obtained when computer’s view of the world matches the user’s view

8. Isn’t proximity enough? Proximity information ignores valuable context Is there a wall in the way? Is the device on this floor? Nearest useful display and telephone Closest display and telephone

9. Sensors, Badges and Tags Differentiated… • Scalable, cell based, highly distributed, real time geometry processing architecture • Patented technology • UWB hardware sensors, tags and badges • Firmware in devices • Application Software Platform • Modelling, analysis and simulation tools • SDK/published APIs Badge Sensor

10. UWB Sensor Cell Deployment • A building is covered by a grid of sensor cells • There are typically four sensors in each sensor cell • A sensor cell can cover multiple rooms • Cell diameter is 15-20m depending on wall and furniture materials View of building showing sensors (greatly magnified). The sensors circled in red make up the sensor cell shaded red.

11. Smart Space Platform Application Application multiple, integratedlocation-aware applications Ubisense Enterprise Edition Visualisation Geometry Monitoring Geometry Ownership Filtering andError detection Enterprise Integration Object Naming Type Definition QoSManagement SpaceImport Datacommunications Ubisense Sensor Network Other Sensing Technologies & Devices Ubitags

12. Smart Space Overview • Ultrawideband (UWB)radio is an emerging technology for very high bandwidth communications • UWBhas unique properties that enable accurate, real time in-building location systems • Accurate, real time location enables context-aware and location-aware computing in real time

13. What is Smart Space Used For? • Reducing office facility costs by 20-40% • Improving processes and safety within hospitals through locating patients and assets • Increasing soldier learning in urban combat training with detailed scenario playbacks • Managing lighting and cameras in theaters and film production decreasing production time enabling greater creativity • Preventing theft of valuable physical and intellectual assets from high security environments

14. Major Market Applications • In-Buildings…the distributed digital workplace • Better communications between distributed sites • Moving maps, phone call forwarding, mobile messaging • Actively supports improved work-group productivity • Sharing space more effectively • Low-overhead personalisation • Measurement of space utilisation • Recording activity in a corporate memory • “Who was at the meeting last week?”

15. Major Market Applications • Healthcare • Streamlining hospital processes • Locating staff, finding wandering patients • Ensuring records remain with the patient • Actively supports right medicine getting to right patient at right timein disease lifecycle • Asset tracking and management • Finding equipment, evaluating usage to improve purchasing • Returning unoccupied beds to inventory • Workplace safety • Panic alarms with position-finding capability

16. Major Market Applications • Security • Enhanced, activity-based CCTV coverage • Daytime intruder detection • Correlate data from active and passive sensors (e.g. passive IR) • Visitor management • Enforcing restricted zones and escort policies • Asset tracking • Automatic ‘man-down’ detection • Retail environments • Personalised retail experiences • Footfall analysis • Hazardous training • After-action review for urban combat training • Man-down detection in fire-fighter training simulators

17. Application examples • Mobile desk tops • Equipment sharing and locating • Increased communication • Equipment and visitor security • Real-time assignment of work spaces • Real-time and historical reporting

18. Environment responds to events without needing to be told Control People can see things anywhere and on any scale Visibility Systems store and retrieve information automatically Memory Messages are routed depending on context Messaging Use of space and assets is monitored and measured Measurement Some Uses of Smart Space…

19. Control Follow-me services Self-configuring devices Smart spaces Space as a user interface e.g. this video bulletin boardat AT&T Labs 2001-2

20. Alone Interruptible Meeting On Telephone Visibility See into other buildings Find things and people Find their context and behave accordingly (e.g. AT&T / DEGW remote collaboration experiments) e.g. this real-time mapat AT&T Labs 2001-2

21. Memory Storage triggered by context Data indexed by context Data retrieved by context Zero-effort record-keeping e.g. this timeline corporate memoryat AT&T Labs 2001-2

22. Messaging Control Personalise the device Visibility Spot context of remote users Message routing and mediation Get notified when ‘no longer busy’ Context-aware message delivery Undirected messages and memory

23. Measurement Sensor-driven analysis of how workplaces are used Who works with whom ? Where does interaction occur ? Where does ‘nesting’ occur ? How effective are club spaces ? What spaces are used most often ? (SANE project in cooperation with DEGW)

24. Sharing Control + Visibility + Memory + Messaging Sharing Mobility

25. Smart space: integration + real-time response Automatic personalized data filing for shared wireless devices Video bulletin board with automated camera tracking Follow-me messaging and communications for mobile workers

26. Summary • In-Building location turns buildings into interactive, programmable environments … Smart Space • Smart Space requires • 6 inch 3D accuracy, real-time performance and high scalability • Applicable to many different markets - Workplace - Entertainment - Healthcare - Research • Military - Manufacturing • Makes people’s work faster, easier and safer