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EASTERN SHORE GROUND SEARCH AND RESCUE

EASTERN SHORE GROUND SEARCH AND RESCUE. GPS TRAINING Revision 3, April 2019. Today’s Objectives. Understand how GPS basically works Understand the limitations of GPS Describe common error sources Input waypoints in the classroom and in the field

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EASTERN SHORE GROUND SEARCH AND RESCUE

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  1. EASTERN SHORE GROUND SEARCH AND RESCUE GPS TRAINING Revision 3, April 2019

  2. Today’s Objectives • Understand how GPS basically works • Understand the limitations of GPS • Describe common error sources • Input waypoints in the classroom and in the field • Navigate to points in the field using basic techniques by following task instructions. • See handout for specific competencies

  3. Important Basic Concept • A GPS receiver is an accessory not a replacementfor a map, compass, and good basic navigation skills

  4. Classroom examples are based on the Garmin GPSMAP60 and GPSMAP76 as these are the type the team owns.

  5. Do not change settings on GPS units

  6. GPS Introduction • The Global Positioning System was originally developed by the US Department of Defense • As of 2018, there are approx. 31 satellites that orbit the Earth at 20,000 km. They weigh about 900 kg, travel at 14,000 kph and are about 5 m across. • Designed to last 7.5-15 years

  7. GPS Introduction • 3 satellites are required to calculate a position • 4 satellites are required to calculate a more accurate position and elevation

  8. GPS Introduction • In order to receive signals, the unit must have an unobstructed view of satellites • Signals can be blocked by trees, buildings, outcrop faces however, they can travel through glass/plastic • Always ensure the antenna has a clear view of the sky

  9. GPS Introduction • GPS is the most accurate method of electronic navigation available to the general public. • The GPS is only a navigational aid. It is meant to enhance, not replace, traditional map and compass navigation. • Along with a GPS and spare batteries, you should always carry a map and compass.

  10. How ESGSAR Uses GPS • Determine a team’s location in the field • Create a record of a team’s travels • Assist in navigating to specific locations • GPS data is used for planning and debriefing

  11. Grid Reference Systems • Topographic maps have two types of grid reference systems: • Geographic (Latitude and Longitude) • Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) • GSAR in Nova Scotia uses UTM

  12. UTM • The UTM grid is a ground based system. • The grid consists of a system of lines forming squares over the entire map. • The area of a square depends on the map’s scale. • The grid lines are numbered and printed along the borders of the map and at intervals on the map area.

  13. UTM • A grid map reference is given by a zone and pair of numbers(an easting and a northing). • The zone for mainland Nova Scotia is 20 T. • A UTM map reference looks like: 476659 E 4942592 N

  14. UTM • The easting has 6 digits and the northing has 7. • The easting is always read first. • Using a metric ruler and a 1:10000 map, you can determine the location of an object within 10 meters or better.

  15. Example of a 1:10000 scale searcher map

  16. Map Conventions • Eastings run along the top of a map • Northings run along the left side of a map

  17. Map Conventions • On our searcher maps, eastings and northings on BLUE LINES end with an asterisk (*) • The asterisk represents three zeros. • For example: 481* = 481000

  18. Map Conventions • Eastings increase left to right • Northings increase bottom to top

  19. Map Conventions • The numbers on the red lines show only the last three digits of their actual value • For example, the 600 circled below represents: 481600

  20. Calculating Grid References Locate the map feature you want to generate a UTM grid reference for. This example uses a 1:10000 scale map.

  21. Calculating Grid References Determine the easting 1. Measure (in mm) the distance from the BLUE LINE to left of feature to the feature itself. 31 mm

  22. Calculating Grid References Determine the easting 2. Add a zero to the end of the measured distance of 31 mm: 310

  23. Calculating Grid References Determine the easting 4. Locate the value of the BLUE LINE to the immediate left of the feature. 481*

  24. Calculating Grid References Determine the easting 5. Replace the * in 481* with the (310) to give the Easting: 481310

  25. Calculating Grid References Determine northing 1. Measure (in mm) distance from the BLUE LINE below the feature to the feature itself. 26 mm

  26. Calculating Grid References Determine northing 2. Add a zero to the end of the measured distance of 26 mm: 260

  27. Calculating Grid References Determine northing 4. Locate the value of the BLUE LINE below the feature. 4952*

  28. Calculating Grid References Determine northing 5. Replace the * in 4952* with the 260 to give the northing: 4952260

  29. Calculating Grid References Putting the easting and northing together, you get the UTM grid reference for the school: E 481310 N 4952260

  30. UTM Grid Reference Exercise Using the provided 1:10000 searcher’s map, determine thegridreferences for thefollowing: A) ESGSAR Bus. B) Camp. C) Waypoint #4.

  31. UTM grid reference exercise Answers A) ESGSAR Bus: 481320 E 4952670 N B) Camp: 482450 E 4952650 N C) Waypoint #4: 482000 E 4952430 N

  32. Datums • Map grids are based on a series of accurately surveyed points called datums. • Newer Nova Scotia maps use the NAD83 datum. • Using the wrong datum can result in grid references being off by hundreds of meters. • When inputting grid references to a GPS, the user must ensure the datum of the GPS is set to the datum of the map. • A map’s datum is located on its margin. • Nova Scotia GSAR teams use the NAD83 datum.

  33. Basic GPS Features • Most GPS receivers have similar graphic displays, including: • Satellite page that displays signal strength and location • Navigation page that displays a compass face and navigation information • Map page that displays position, waypoints, tracks and maybe maps • Menu page for adjusting various GPS settings

  34. Basic GPS Features • Most GPS receivers have similar function buttons, including: • Light, zoom, power, page, menu, mark waypoint, find waypoint, enter and select.

  35. GPSMAP60 features and controls

  36. GPSMAP76 CSx features and controls

  37. Example pages of the GPSMAP60

  38. Viewing GPS Pages Exercise Turn on the GPS. Press itspage buttonrepeatedly tocyclethrough the available pages. Takespecific note ofthesatellite, navigation/compass andmap pages. Note: If you are using a unit other than the GPSMAP 60/76, consult your owner’s manual or ask an instructor how to view your unit’s pages.

  39. GPS Setup • For standardization only team GPS’s are to be used on a search. • Non-team GPS can be used but for personal use only. • To ensure accurate data and uniform use, all GPS receivers used on a search must be configured to the team standard.

  40. ESGSAR GPS Standards • The team GPS units are pre-configured to the standard prior to a search. The basic standard is as follows: • If power < 50%, replace batteries. Issue spare set. • Set datum to “NAD83”. • Set position format to: “UTM” • Ensure bearing and heading are displayed and are in degrees magnetic. • Clear all waypoints and tracks.

  41. ESGSAR GPS Standards • It is beyond the scope of this course to go over the detailed configuration of these units. • At no time is it allowed for “anyone to alter settings or data fields.” • If you are interested in learning more about the configuration standard, please let an instructor know and we can set up a time to follow-up.

  42. Determining Location • In order for the unit to determine your location, it must receive signals from orbiting GPS satellites. • To get these signals, the unit has to have a good view of the sky. Getting a signal can take a minute or so. • The GPSMAP60/76’s will display the text “acquiring satellites” until a signal is obtained.

  43. Satellite Page Trip Computer Page GPSMAP60/76 showing current location

  44. Reporting Location Exercise Our re-radiating antenna in this building allows GPS signals to be received without going outside. To get a signal, ensure your unit’s antenna faces the internal antenna. If you are outside doing this,give the antenna a clear view of the sky. • Turn your unit off then on again and try to get a signal. • Once the unit gets a satellite signal, it has determined your location. The GPSMAP60/76 shows your location on its satellite page and trip computer page (if configured). Find the location display. • When asked, report your location.

  45. Reporting Location Exercise Answer Present Location: 479812 E 4954210 N

  46. Waypoints • A GPS has the ability to create a database of locations called “waypoints”. • A main function of a GPS is navigating to a stored waypoint. • A GPS tends to name waypoints with numbers. • The user can re-name waypoints. For example, the waypoint “002” can be re-named to “camp”.

  47. 1. 2. 3. Select way-point name. Press the Mark button. Edit way-point name. 4. Click OK to save the way-point. Example of saving your position as a waypoint

  48. Saving Your Position Exercise Save the location of the hall (remember your GPS thinks you arestanding outside the hall) as a waypoint. Name the waypoint “HALL”. What are the coordinates of the hall? If you are using a team unit, refer to the “Saving your position as awaypoint” handout. If you are using your own, check your user manual or ask for assistance.

  49. Saving Your Position Exercise Answer HALL: 479812 E 4954210 N

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