Colonization

1. Colonization

2. John Cabot • From England • Claimed the east coast of North America for England

3. Queen Elizabeth • Ascended throne in 1558 • In later days of her reign, she wanted to expand the English Empire by putting colonies in the North American region that her country owned. • Started the English Colonization process in North America

4. Henry and his Wives • Catherine of Aragon • Anne Boleyn • Jane Seymour • Anne of Cleves • Catherine Howard • Katherine Parr

5. What’s Happening? • Religious disagreements • Start to become Protestant under Henry VIII • Church of England • Some wanted to return to Roman Catholic(Catholics); some wanted to simply purify the Anglican church of all Roman Catholic influence (Puritans)

6. Two Types of Puritans • Stay and Purify Church • Separatists – Separate completely from the church • English government enraged by Separatists • Life will be difficult for them. We will meet them again later…

7. Reasons to come to the New World • Gold and Silver • Free land • Religious Freedom • Could come as an indentured servant

8. Definitions • Indentured Servant – person who would work for a period of time (often 7 years) in exchange for passage to the New World. • Joint Stock Companies – businessmen who put small amounts of money together to establish a colony, hoping to gain profits if it were successful. Examples– London Company and Massachusetts Bay Company

9. More Definitions • Charter – official document granting right to settle and trade • Colony – settlement made by parent company (or country) • Burgess –lawmaking body • Plantation –large farm worked by many laborers, often slaves.

10. Early Failures • Sir Humphrey Gilbert – 1583 • Given permission to set up a colony, but it failed and he died on way back to England • Sir Walter Raleigh – 1585 • First attempt – took 800 men only. Men got homesick so they went back

11. The Lost Colony of Roanoke • Sir Walter Raleigh • Chose leader named John White. • White took wife, pregnant daughter and his son-in-law. • Arrived on Roanoke island • Virginia Dare born – first English baby born in America • Not enough supplies

12. What happened? • White goes back to England to get supplies • Trapped in England by war with Spain (for three years) • When he returned three years later he found everyone gone. • Only clue was words CROATOAN carved on a tree. • Lost forever…

13. SUCCESS!! • Jamestown – 1607 • Established by the London Company (Joint Stock Company) • Wanted to find gold • Set up on James River – bad location – swampy and bad water • Weathly men thought they were “too good” to work. Wanted to find GOLD.

14. Disaster Averted • John Smith took over leadership • Made friends with Native Americans through a friendship with Pocahontas • He told them how to keep water fresh and clean • Rule – “No work, no food” • John Smith got hurt and left • New Leader – John Rolfe (married Pocahontas)

15. Tobacco • Rolfe introduced Tobacco into the colony. FIRST CROP! It became a cash crop (crop that can be sold) • Women arrived from England so families could be started. • To help in tobacco the first African slaves were brought into the colony. • Jamestown eventually becomes known as the Virginia colony

16. Jamestown

17. Plymouth Colony • Pilgrim- person who goes on a religious journey • This is a pilgrim colony. • In 1607, these people left England for Holland. After a few years, they realized their children were forgetting English ways. • Decided to go to America to establish a colony to have religious freedom

18. New Worlds • These pilgrims set sail on the ship, the Mayflower • Created a set of laws to live by (the Mayflower Compact) • This compact was the first self-government in the colonies

19. Harsh Life • First winter hard – half the colonists died • At spring, an Indian named Squanto came out of the woods. He spoke English. • Taught the English how to grow corn and make friends with the local native Americans • When the crops came in, the Pilgrims invited the Native Americans over for a celebration – our first Thanksgiving • This colony became a part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

20. Massachusetts Bay Colony • 1630 • This colony was started by Puritans (they also were looking for religious freedom) • Very strict • Said they were founding a “city on a hill” • Their religion became the basic religion of New England (Puritanism)

21. Rhode Island • Roger Williams thrown out for disagreeing with the Puritan ministers. Williams believed the colony’s charter was invalid; he urged them to be better friends to Native Americans • Anne Hutchison

22. Rhode Island

23. Pennsylvania • Founded by William Penn • Established by a religious group called Quakers • Quakers are pacifists – do NOT believe in fighting

24. Quakers and Pennsylvania

25. Maryland • Established as a safe place for Catholics • Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert) founded this colony. He was the proprietor. • Like Rhode Island and Pennsylvania, this colony allowed religious freedom • BUT THEY put it in to a law – the Act of Toleration (VERY IMPORTANT!!)

26. Maryland

27. Georgia - 1732 • Debtor’s Prison • James Oglethorpe – social reformer (someone who wants to improve society) asked King George if he could empty debtor’s prison and take them to America to establish colony. • Georgia served as buffer colony against the Spanish in Florida • Last colony established

28. Georgia

29. Other colonies • Connecticut • New Hampshire • New York • Delaware • New Jersey • North Carolina • South Carolina

30. New Jersey

31. North Carolina

32. Map of Colonies

33. Poster Project • Create a poster designed to get your colony noticed… • Include founders name and any founding information • Presentation COUNTS!