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1.3 Substance Essential to Living Things

GO C1 Investigate and describe, in general terms, the role of different substances in the environment in supporting or harming humans and other living things. 1.3 Substance Essential to Living Things. Guided Question. What are the Organic and Inorganic Substances essential to living things?.

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1.3 Substance Essential to Living Things

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  1. GO C1 Investigate and describe, in general terms, the role of different substances in the environment in supporting or harming humans and other living things. 1.3 Substance Essential to Living Things

  2. Guided Question What are the Organic and Inorganic Substances essential to living things?

  3. All chemicals can be grouped into Organic substances and inorganicsubstances. • All living thing depend on both types of substances for growth • Inorganicsubstancesgenerally do not contain the element Carbon. • Examples of inorganic substances include water, potassium, salt and oxygen gas. • Exceptions: Carbon Dioxide(CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO)

  4. Organic Compounds contain the element carbon (C) bonded together to make long chains of molecules. They also contain H (hydrogen) and (oxygen) • Examples of organic substances include starch, sugar, protein, and fat. • There are more organic substances than inorganic Compounds.

  5. Nutrients • Nutrients are grouped into two categories: • Macronutrientsare elements required in Large amounts. (Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Amino Acids) • Micronutrients are elements that are required by living things in trace or Small amounts. (Fe, Cu, Se, Co, Cr)

  6. Maintaining a Balance • Macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for plant and animal growth and survival. They are the building blocks of body structure. • Maintaining the Right Level of Nutrients - By knowing how organisms use each element, scientists can diagnose deficiencies and excesses, and act accordingly (add or remove the nutrient), to alleviate the problem. If a micronutrient is present in larger amounts than normal it can have harmful effects. Too little can also have harmful effects. The optimum amount of a substance is the amount that provides an organism with the best health

  7. Essential Life Chemicals

  8. Four classes of organic compounds essential to healthy body makeup. Carbohydrates Fats (lipids) Proteins and Amino acids Nucleic acids

  9. CARBOHYDRATES • These are obtained from foods such as rice, potatoes, and fruit • They form simple (sugar) and complex molecules (Starch, Cellulose) • These are required for body metabolism. Carbohydrates provide Energy.

  10. LIPIDS • These arefound in foods such as walnuts and peanuts • They form saturated and unsaturated fats are needed for providing more energy.

  11. PROTEINS • These are obtained from meats, fish, and eggs • They are used for growth and repair. • Proteins are made from amino acid units joined together.

  12. NUCLEIC ACIDS • Theseplay an important role in heredity and cell division. • There are two types of nucleic acids: DNA and RNA

  13. Essential Life Chemicals Organic compounds contain Carbon, as well as mostly Oxygen and Hydrogen.

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