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Biomedical Engineering, Not Just About Devices ADELEYE, A. A. B.Eng. (Chemical Engineering)

Biomedical Engineering, Not Just About Devices ADELEYE, A. A. B.Eng. (Chemical Engineering) M.Sc. M.Phil. Ph.D. (Industrial and Production Engineering) MNSE, MCIEHF, MHFES, MESB, COREN Regd. Engr. Biomedical Engineering (BME).

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Biomedical Engineering, Not Just About Devices ADELEYE, A. A. B.Eng. (Chemical Engineering)

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  1. Biomedical Engineering, Not Just About Devices ADELEYE, A. A. B.Eng. (Chemical Engineering) M.Sc. M.Phil. Ph.D. (Industrial and Production Engineering) MNSE, MCIEHF, MHFES, MESB, COREN Regd. Engr.

  2. Biomedical Engineering (BME) • BME is the application of engineering principles and design to biology and medicine for solution to clinical problems to improve overall health care. • Relatively new field • It is rooted in life sciences and multidisciplinary • It is to understand, modify or control living systems • Engineers from different disciplines that practice BME are called biomedical engineers

  3. Roles of Biomedical Engineers • Understand and model physiological and biological functions • Improve existing devices and processes (surgical, imaging) • Develop new materials and methods (biosensors, drug delivery) • They design and manufacture products that can monitor physiological functions and assist in the diagnosis and treatment of patients.

  4. Modelling physiological and biological functions This modelling involves the application of Engineering fundamentals such as: • Transport phenomenon • Thermodynamics • Kinetics • Mechanics • Electricity • Mathematical methods However, analysis of the physiological functions is a prerequisite to the modelling

  5. Analysis of Certain Physiological Functions Physiological (internal processes) functions could basically be divided into: Macroscopic systems (Whole body level function) Blood circulatory system Nervous system Mesoscopic systems (Tissue level function) Oxygen transport in tissues (muscles) Transport across barriers (intestinal lining, skin) Microscopic systems (Cell level function) cell-cell communication Sub-microscopic systems (Molecule level) Protein folding

  6. A Few Reasons for Physiological Study Macroscopic systems modelling of heart functions and prediction of heart disease Modelling of drug transport, distribution and clearance Analysis of airflow in the lungs and rate of oxygen transfer Analysis of signal transmission in the nervous system Mesoscopic systems Kidney functions: filtration and waste removal Blood glucose control and hormonal regulations Sub-microscopic Viral transport and gene therapy

  7. Some Clinical Solutions A few of clinical solutions that have been provided by BME knowledge are: • Pacemakers • Defibrillators • Kidney dialyzer • Diagnostic monitors • Systems to analyze gases in the blood (lung function), • Laser equipment for surgery • Development of new materials and method (silicon chips for drug delivery) • Growing medical tissues in the lab (ligament, cartilage, nerves) • Discovery of new biomaterials

  8. Some Specialized Areas in Biomedical Engineering • BIOINSTRUMENTATION • BIOMATERIALS • BIOMECHANICS • CELLULAR ENGINEERING • CLINICAL ENGINEERING • MEDICAL IMAGING • REHABILITATION ENGINEERING • PHYSIOLOGY MODELS

  9. A Few Sub-specialties in Biomedical Engineering • Biomechanics • Rehabilitation engineering, • Biosignals and biosensors • Biomedical instrumentation and devices • Prosthetic devices and artificial organs • Drug design and delivery systems • Biomaterials • Molecular, cell, and tissue engineering • Telemedicine and E-health • Medical and infrared imaging • Medical robotics • Medical and biological analysis

  10. Devices Devices are tools or machines designed to perform a particular function or task. What makes a biomedical device good? Aesthetic look? Interaction with the: task, end-user and environment (patient, health care team) • Biomedical devices could be: iextracorporeal (Insulin pump, prosthetics, kidney devices) ii. implant (orthopedic implants, coronary stent) Implantable materials which could be metal alloys, ceramic, polymers or composites should be Non-toxic, Non- Carcinogenic, Chemically Inert, Stable and Mechanically Strong with good physiological response.

  11. THE QUESTION: Is Biomedical Engineering just about Devices? No, Biomedical Engineering is not just about Devices. Improvement from medical instruments development (1950s & 1960s) to a wide-range set of activities. Therefore, Biomedical engineers must: • Be knowledgeable in biology, physiology and medicine to apply transport processes, thermodynamics, kinetics to biological systems. • Know where to start, how to proceed and know when optimization of design ends. • Validate to know whether the appliance supports expected workload.

  12. PHY MTH Life sci app BIO CHM Anatomy Physiology Clinical Solutions Medicine Engrg concepts Work system

  13. REFERENCE • The Biomedical Engineering Handbook; Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals 4th Edition. 2015. Eds. Joseph D. Bronzino, J.D and Peterson, D. R. 2015. CRC Press • Madihally, S. V. 2010. Principles of Biomedical Engineering. Artech house, Boston. • Mitragotri, S. Principles of Bioengineering: ChE 125

  14. APPRECIATION THANK YOU ALL FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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