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Applied Control Systems Stepper Motors

Learn about the internal components of a stepper motor and its operation with detailed examples. Explore practical applications and advantages/disadvantages to grasp the role of stepper motors in various systems.

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Applied Control Systems Stepper Motors

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  1. Applied Control Systems • Stepper Motors

  2. Stepper Motor / Electro magnet

  3. Outside Casing Stator Rotor Internal components of a Stepper Motor Rotor Stator Coils

  4. Cross Section of a Stepper Motor Stators Rotor

  5. Full Step Operation Four Steps per revolution i.e. 90 deg. steps.

  6. Half Step Operation Eight steps per. revolution i.e. 45 deg. steps.

  7. Winding number 1 One step 6 pole rotor Winding number 2

  8. Six pole rotor, two electro magnets. How many steps are required for one complete revolution?

  9. The top electromagnet (1) is turned off, and the right electromagnet (2) is energized, pulling the nearest teeth slightly to the right. This results in a rotation of 3.6° in this example. Practical Stepper motor operation The top electromagnet (1) is turned on, attracting the nearest teeth of a gear-shaped iron rotor. With the teeth aligned to electromagnet 1, they will be slightly offset from electromagnet 2

  10. The left electromagnet (4) is enabled, rotating again by 3.6°. When the top electromagnet (1) is again enabled, the teeth in the sprocket will have rotated by one tooth position; since there are 25 teeth, it will take 100 steps to make a full rotation in this example. The bottom electromagnet (3) is energized; another 3.6° rotation occurs.

  11. Stepper motor applications Stepping Motor to move read-write head

  12. Stepper motor applications Paper feeder on printers Stepper motors CNC lathes

  13. Stator coils Rotor CNC Stepping Motor

  14. Advantages / Disadvantages Advantages:- Low cost for control achieved Ruggedness Simplicity of construction Can operate in an open loop control system Low maintenance Less likely to stall or slip Will work in any environment Disadvantages:- Require a dedicated control circuit Use more current than D.C. motors High torque output achieved at low speeds

  15. Control sequence to turn a stepper motor + CW CCW

  16. Servo Motor Detail Actuator Reduction gear Position feedback Potentiometer (closed loop system) + 5V Small electric DC motor

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