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5-1 Logical Data and Operators

5-1 Logical Data and Operators. A piece of data is called logical if it conveys the idea of true or false. In real life, logical data (true or false) are created in answer to a question that needs a yes–no answer. In computer science, we do not use yes or no, we use true or false.

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5-1 Logical Data and Operators

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  1. 5-1 Logical Data and Operators A piece of data is called logical if it conveys the idea of true or false. In real life, logical data (true or false) are created in answer to a question that needs a yes–no answer. In computer science, we do not use yes or no, we use true or false. Topics discussed in this section: Logical Data in C Logical Operators Evaluating Logical Expressions Comparative Operators Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  2. FIGURE 5-2 Logical Operators Truth Table Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  3. FIGURE 5-3 Short-circuit Methods for and /or Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  4. FIGURE 5-4 Relational Operators Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  5. FIGURE 5-5 Comparative Operator Complements Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  6. Table 5-1 Examples of Simplifying Operator Complements Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  7. PROGRAM 5-2 Comparative Operators Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  8. PROGRAM 5-2 Comparative Operators Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  9. 5-2 Two-Way Selection The decision is described to the computer as a conditional statement that can be answered either true or false. If the answer is true, one or more action statements are executed. If the answer is false, then a different action or set of actions is executed. Topics discussed in this section: if…else and Null else Statement Nested if Statements and Dangling else Problem Simplifying if Statements Conditional Expressions Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  10. FIGURE 5-7if...else Logic Flow Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  11. Table 5-2 Syntactical Rules for if…else Statements Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  12. FIGURE 5-8 A Simple if...else Statement Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  13. FIGURE 5-9 Compound Statements in an if...else Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  14. FIGURE 5-10 Complemented if...else Statements Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  15. FIGURE 5-11 A Null else Statement Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  16. FIGURE 5-12 A Null if Statement Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  17. PROGRAM 5-3 Two-way Selection Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  18. PROGRAM 5-3 Two-way Selection Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  19. FIGURE 5-13 Nested if Statements Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  20. PROGRAM 5-4 Nested if Statements Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  21. PROGRAM 5-4 Nested if Statements Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  22. Note else is always paired with the most recent unpaired if. Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  23. FIGURE 5-14 Dangling else Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  24. FIGURE 5-15 Dangling else Solution Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  25. Table 5-3 Simplifying the Condition Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  26. FIGURE 5-16 Conditional Expression Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  27. Table 5-4 Examples of Marginal Tax Rates Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  28. FIGURE 5-18 Design for Program 5-5 (Part III) Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  29. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  30. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  31. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  32. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  33. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  34. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  35. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  36. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  37. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  38. PROGRAM 5-5 Calculate Taxes Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  39. 5-3 Multiway Selection In addition to two-way selection, most programming languages provide another selection concept known as multiway selection. Multiway selection chooses among several alternatives. C has two different ways to implement multiway selection: the switch statement and else-if construct. Topics discussed in this section: The switch Statement The else-if Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  40. FIGURE 5-20switch Statement Syntax Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  41. PROGRAM 5-6 Demonstrate the switch Statement Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  42. PROGRAM 5-7 Multivalued case Statements Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  43. Table 5-5 Summary of switch Statement Rules Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  44. PROGRAM 5-8 Student Grading Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  45. PROGRAM 5-8 Student Grading Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  46. PROGRAM 5-8 Student Grading Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  47. PROGRAM 5-9 Convert Score to Grade Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  48. PROGRAM 5-9 Convert Score to Grade Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  49. PROGRAM 5-9 Convert Score to Grade Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

  50. 5-4 More Standard Functions One of the assets of the C language is its rich set of standard functions that make programming much easier. For example, C99 has two parallel but separate header files for manipulating characters: ctype.h and wctype.h. Topics discussed in this section: Standard Characters Functions A Classification Program Handling Major Errors Computer Science: A Structured Programming Approach Using C

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