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The Persian War: Turmoil and Turning Points in Ancient Greece

Chapter 4, Section 3 of "The Persian War" discusses the tumultuous events of 500 BC when the Persians took over many Greek cities in Asia Minor and the ensuing conflicts. Darius underestimated Greek resistance, leading to the pivotal Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. The Athenians, despite being outnumbered, achieved a stunning victory. The battle at Thermopylae showcased Greek valor, while the naval battle of Salamis led to further Persian retreat. By 479 BC, the combined Greek forces crushed the Persian army at Plataea, marking the decline of the Persian Empire.

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The Persian War: Turmoil and Turning Points in Ancient Greece

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  1. THE PERSIAN WAR!!! Chapter 4 Sec.3

  2. Turmoil… • In 500 BC Persians took over many Greek cities in Asia Minor • ___________ sends help to rebel  failed • Darius Response -

  3. Belief • Persians believed they would easily conquer the small area of Greece • The battle ahead seemed like the least of their concerns THEY FORGOT ABOUT the _______________

  4. Battle of Marathon • 490 BC – 20,000 Persians landed on the plain of Marathon • Short distance from __________ • Baited them • 10,000 soldiers

  5. Athenians held back overlooking the plain • Persians change their plan of attack • Order of boarding the ship - _____________ • BIG, HUGE MISTAKE!!!! • CHARGE

  6. Legend • Athenians sent Pheidippides home with news – raced 25 miles from Marathon to Athens • Last words were “Victory”

  7. Movie Notes

  8. “Xerx the Jerk” • Son of Darius – 486 BC • REVENGE IT WAS  180,000 TROOPS • Had slaves carry him on a golden thrown to overlook the total destruction of the Greeks

  9. Greeks Prepare • Spartans send all warriors, Athens sends it Navy • PLAN under Athenian General Themistocles • Thermopylae

  10. Battle at Thermopylae • Greeks were able to stall the Persians for roughly two days • A traitor told Persians to use a mountain pass to get around them and attack from the back • Greeks lost this battle, but gave Athenians time to assemble in the water

  11. Movie Notes

  12. Battle of Salamis • Strait narrow strip  again Greek advantage – Why? • Threw burning wood onto ships to destroy them

  13. Movie Notes

  14. Persians burned the city of Athens when they reached on foot • 479 BC – created ______________ = largest Greek army to crush Persian army in Plataea  Persians retreated to Asia Minor

  15. Fall of the Persian Empire • Remained for 150 more years, but internal problems • Taxes • Fight over King • By 330 BC - __________________ was no match for the failing empire – last Persian king died

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