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Matter

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  1. Matter

  2. What is matter? • PURE SUBSTANCES or MIXTURES • Pure substances • ALWAYS HOMOGENEOUS • What is the difference between an element and a compound? • Element = cannot be broken down any more • Compound = composed of 2 or more elements • Compounds can ALWAYS be broken down into simpler substances, elements cannot

  3. How are compounds broken down? • Cannot be broken down physically • We can’t throw table salt (NaCl)at the wall and break it down into its individual components • Must be done chemically • Produce matter with a different composition than the original matter

  4. Distinguishing Between a Substance and a Mixture? • Easy Rule of Thumb • If the composition of a material is fixed (meaning it cannot change) • Substance • If the composition of a material may vary (meaning it can change) • Mixture

  5. Examples • Milk • Mixture (low-fat, skim, whole, 2% etc.) • Diamond • Substance (carbon doesn’t change) • Gasoline • Mixture (premium, regular, and unleaded) • Stainless Steel • Mixture (carbon and iron together) • Silver • Substance (an element, doesn’t change)

  6. Mixtures • What is a mixture? • A physical blend of two or more components • Can be classified in TWO different ways • Heterogeneous mixtures • Homogeneous mixtures

  7. Heterogeneous Mixture • What is a heterogeneous mixture? • Composition is not uniform throughout the mixture • Examples • Chicken noodle soup • Trail mix • Chocolate chip cookies • Types of heterogeneous mixtures • Colloids • Particles are very, very small • Suspensions • Particles are big; visible to us; don’t settle back down

  8. Homogeneous Mixture • What is a homogeneous mixture? • The composition is uniform throughout • Examples • Creamy peanut butter • Air • Koolaid • Types of homogenous mixtures • Solutions • Just another name for homogenous mixture

  9. Mixtures in General • What is a phase? • Any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties • Homogeneous mixtures • Have only 1 phase all the time • Heterogeneous mixtures • Consists of 2 or more phases • What is a coarse mixture? • Mixture where you can see all the particles clearly • There is no blending of the ingredients like in a suspension • Examples • Fruit salad

  10. How Do We Separate Mixtures? • Two ways of separating mixtures • Filtration • Separating a solid from a liquid • Straining spaghetti • Distillation • Separating small particles from a mixture • Boil the mixture and collect the gas • Making Distilled water

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