Workshop on Clean Fuels and Vehicles Regional Research on Status of Clean Fuels and Vehicles

1. Workshop on Clean Fuels and Vehicles Regional Research on Status of Clean Fuels and Vehicles Szentendre, 25-26th October 2005 Ruslan Zhechkov, REC This project is financed by The Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM)

2. Project • Funded by the Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment (VROM – www.vrom.nl) • Goals: improve national capacity for developing of national strategies and programmes for improvement of quality of vehicle fuels through: • country research • exchange of experience – status, policies, etc. • identification of follow up measures and needs on a country and regional level • synergies with a similar UNEP/US EPA project covering CEE countries and Turkey

3. Background • Covered countries – Albania, BiH, Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania and Serbia and Montenegro • Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV) • Building upon SILAQ – Sofia Initiative on Local Air Quality – launched in 1995 at Environment for Europe Conference • SILAQ focus – promotion of unleaded gasoline and reduction of sulphur and particulate emissions • SILAQ countries – Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia • REC’s role – secretarial support to SILAQ Working Group

4. SILAQ Conclusions Key issues needed to be addressed: • Ability of domestic refineries to supply unleaded gasoline; • Use of unleaded gasoline by local vehicles; • Awareness of the public as to the applicability of unleaded gasoline. One of the goals of the workshop is to share possible solutions to these problems!

5. SILAQ Recommendations • Public information and outreach campaigns regarding the applicability of unleaded gasoline in older cars; • Awareness raising with regard to the health benefits of lead phase-out; • Exchange of experiences with other countries; • Needs assessment for the development and use of non-lead lubricating additives; • Research into the feasibility of using unleaded gasoline in cars with soft exhaust valve seats; • Ensuring access to the necessary financial support for refinery modernization; • Technological development of refineries; • Introduction and enforcement of vehicle emissions and gasoline standards; • Modernization of the control system for periodic technical inspection of vehicles; • Fitting of cars with catalytic converters and other pollution control devices; • Development of the production and distribution systems to improve the supply of unleaded gasoline and lubricating additives; • Implementation of policy incentives to increase the market share of unleaded gasoline and speed up the complete phase-out of leaded gasoline; • Requirements for lead phase-out in the privatization of refineries.

6. Assessment methodology • Timing – May-July, 2005 • Based on a common questionnaire • Baseline year – 2003 Questionnaire includes 5 main chapters: • Personal Information • Country Specific Data • Air Quality • Fuel Quality • Vehicle Emissions

7. Basic data

8. Air Quality • Institutions – Ministries of Environment, Ministries of Health, Inspectorates, Institutes • Legislation – recent Air Protection Acts, subsidiary legislation in process of adoption; BG and RO transposed EU Directives • Primary air pollutant criteria standards – targets similar to EU or slightly stricter (SCG, BiH) • Annual emissions of pollutants in ambient air – missing info in AL, SCG

9. Fuel Quality (1) • Institutions for fuel quality control. Problems: • few or no independent authorized laboratories; • lack of testing equipment, personnel in labs; - Illegal practices in the chain b/n refinery and car tank - lack of fuel for state-of-the-art cars. Need for: • strengthening the institutions in charge of monitoring and reporting including independent labs; • opening markets for foreign producers; • Others??? Legislation: no transposition yet except BG and RO which transposed: Council regulation 2964/95 on registration of crude oil imports and deliveries; EC Dir. 98/70/EC on quality of petrol and diesel fuels; EC Dir. 2003/17/EC amending 98/70/EC

10. FQ (2) – sulphur and lead content in petrol and diesel – national specifications

11. FQ (s) – lead content in petrol – current status

12. Fuel Quality Standards

13. Promotion of environmentally friendly fuels

14. Vehicle emissions • Diesel passenger cars 10%-30% BiH (>50%), SCG (>30%) • LDV, HDV, buses – mostly diesel • Little info on converters - BiH (57%), SCG (30%) • Old fleet – mostly 11-20 years, few new ones – BG (36%, >20 years) • Own production – Romania, SCG and Turkey • Limitations on import (age cap BiH, Macedonia, SCG)

15. Promotion of environment friendly vehicles

16. Issues to be addressed during workshop (1) • Each country present and planned activities in studied topics, especially lead phase-out and sulphur reduction • Refineries’ ability to produce cleaner fuels – financial implications • Public awareness on health benefits from lead phase-out. Measures? • Institutional reform air quality, fuel quality. Is it needed? What kind? • Air quality and fuel quality legislation. EU Directives? Planning of transposition efforts? Political will?

17. Issues to be addressed during workshop (2) • Fuel quality control – laboratories, testing equipment • Policy incentives to increase the market share of unleaded gasoline and speed up the complete phase-out of leaded gasoline • Specific approach to phasing out leaded gasoline – good examples. How is it done? • Promotion of environmentally friendly vehicles – innovative policies.

18. How? • Share good and bad country experiences • Brainstorm on what has to be done • Draft a list of follow up steps and actions • Discuss financial needs, capacity building needs • Complete research data where it is missing!