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Sequence Stratigraphy Application to Exploration and Production

Sequence Stratigraphy Application to Exploration and Production Middle Eastern Basins of the Gulf Summer 2005. Professor Christopher G. St. C. Kendall kendall@sc.edu 803-777-2410. Current Reserves for Middle East. Crude Oil(BB) - Natural Gas (TCF). Saudi Arabia 263.5 bbls 204.5Tcf

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Sequence Stratigraphy Application to Exploration and Production

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  1. Sequence Stratigraphy Application to Exploration and Production Middle Eastern Basins of the GulfSummer 2005 Professor Christopher G. St. C. Kendall kendall@sc.edu 803-777-2410

  2. Current Reserves for Middle East Crude Oil(BB) - Natural Gas (TCF) • Saudi Arabia 263.5 bbls 204.5Tcf • Iraq 112 bbls 109Tcf • UAE 97.8bbls 212Tcf • Kuwait 96.5 bbls 52.7Tcf • Iran 89.7 bbls 812.3Tcf • Oman 5.3 bbls 28.4Tcf • Yemen 4.0 bbls 16.9Tcf • Qatar 3.7 bbls 300.0Tcf • Syria 2.5 bbls 8.5Tcf • Bahrain 0.1 bbls 3.9Tcf

  3. After Al Sharhan

  4. From International Petroleum Encyclopedia

  5. From International Petroleum Encyclopedia

  6. Arabian Basin Traces a polyhistory of plate tectonic & sedimentary fill: • Pre Cambrian to Infra-Cambrian - Continental interior • Silurian and Ordovician clastics – Continental interior • Permian clastics & carbonates – Trailing margin • Upper Jurassic Carbonates – Trailing margin • Lower Cretaceous Carbonates – Trailing margin • Middle Cretaceous – Compression & Zagros Mts initiated • Tertiary Carbonates and Clastics - Compressional margin

  7. Oil Production - Arabian Gulf Productive hydrocarbon section older to West [Paleozoic] & younger in East in the Zagros Mts [ Upper Tertiary]. West to East production includes: • Infra-Cambrian Salt • Silurian and Ordovician clastics – Unaizah • Permian clastics & carbonates – Khuff • Upper Jurassic Carbonates - Arab & Tuwaik Mt Group • Lower Cretaceous Carbonates – Shuaiba & Thammama • Middle Cretaceous – Mishrif • Tertiary - Asmari

  8. Zagros Mountain Chain After Dennis Tassa

  9. Structural Provinces - Arabian Gulf Zagros Fold Mts Mesozoic to Tertiary Foreland Basin Pre-Cambrian Shield Nasa Image

  10. Mosaic of Drifting Rigid Plates After Dennis Tassa

  11. Arabian Gulf tracks the Wilson Cycle • Plate tectonic theory divides earth’s crust into plates • Plates diverge apart or rift & a new ocean basin forms • Plate motion reverses & convergence causes collision, & mountain building • The Wilson Cycle records plate motion opening & closing of ocean basins in the rock record

  12. Arabian Gulf

  13. Evolution of Arabian Gulf Foreland Basin Compression & Foreland Basin Extensional margin Extensional margin Interior Sag After Kingston et al, 1983

  14. Arabian plate stratigraphic section with hydrocarbon production

  15. Geologic Cross-Section - Arabian Gulf

  16. Gas Gas

  17. Restricted Entrance To Sea Structural & Depositional Barrier over Hercynian Horst Blocks Permian Khuff Saudi Arabia Oman & UAE Arid Tropics Air System Wide Shadow from Adjacent Continents

  18. Restricted Entrance To Sea Depositional Barrier over Hercynian Horst Blocks Upper Jurrassic Saudi Arabia Kuwait, Iran & UAE Tropical Air System ! Wide Shadow from Adjacent Continents

  19. After Dennis Tassa

  20. Zagros Fold Mountains - Iran Nasa Image

  21. Zagros Fold Mountains Iran Nasa Image

  22. Zagros Fold Mountains Iran Nasa Image

  23. Zagros Fold Mountains - Iran

  24. After Murris

  25. After Murris

  26. From International Petroleum Encyclopedia

  27. Arabian Gulf Factory producing carbonates & storing products of cyanbacteria since Permian Nasa Image

  28. A big day for a bloom!! Organics in the Gulf! Nasa Image

  29. Basin Ramp Open Shelf Restricted Shelf

  30. Sedimentary Section is Source Collister, James, Robert Ehrlich, Frank Mango, and Glenn Johnson (2004), Modification of the petroleum system concept: Origins of alkanes and isoprenoids in crude oils AAPG Bulletin, v. 88, no. 5 pp. 587–611Establish that the source of petroleum was once dispersed through much of the sedimentary sections and not necessarily from classic organic rich source rocks.

  31. After Baum, & Kendall

  32. Arabian Basin

  33. Geological Setting of Jurassic Oil Seal Seal Reservoir Reservoir IntrashelfBasin IntrashelfBasin

  34. The Hanifa Formation Oil Fields

  35. Hanifa Formation - Berri Field

  36. The Hanifa FormationSequence Stratigraphic Hierarchy

  37. The Hanifa FormationStratigraphic Framework • Each formation was deposited as a complete 3rd order sequence Seal Reservoir Source

  38. The Hanifa FormationStratigraphic Framework DrowningSurface DrowningSurface

  39. Mid Slope - Storm Deposits Note lack of Tidal Flat fill High-stand Surface of Condensation

  40. Crest of Margin - Storm Deposits Note Tidal Flat & Standard Sequence Stratigraphic Surfaces Maximum Flooding Surface

  41. Jurassic Stratigraphy & Sea Level

  42. Jurassic Stratigraphy & Sea Level

  43. Jurassic Stratigraphy & Sea Level

  44. Jurassic Stratigraphy & Sea Level

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