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Gymnastics

Gymnastics. Single Sport / Multi Sport A sports medicine challenge Julie Sparrow MSc MCSP Grad Dip Phys National Lead Physiotherapist British Gymnastics. Men Floor Pommel Rings Vault Parallel bars High bar. Women Vault Bars Beam Floor. Artistic Gymnastics.

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Gymnastics

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  1. Gymnastics Single Sport / Multi Sport A sports medicine challenge Julie Sparrow MSc MCSP Grad Dip Phys National Lead Physiotherapist British Gymnastics

  2. Men Floor Pommel Rings Vault Parallel bars High bar Women Vault Bars Beam Floor Artistic Gymnastics

  3. Core components of all gymnastics skill • Body positions (in all swing and flight elements) • Open – trunk extension • Closed – trunk flexed – “dish” • Straight • Hand stand • Splits – “side” and “box” • “Bridge”

  4. Core components continued • Support - weight taken by hands or feet • Swing* – in which the body travels about a fixed point • Flight – with or without directional change • Balance • Rebound

  5. Rhythmic gymnastics • Women only • Use of small apparatus • Ball • Ribbon • Hoop • Club • rope

  6. Rhythmic Gymnastics Flexibility Co-ordination Flight Expression Elegance Dance

  7. ‘Hypermobile’ Tall and slender Balance on large base of support

  8. Making of a gymnast • Many will start working on gymnastic related skill elements by the age of 6 • Naturally self selecting based on skill confidence and courage • Women peak in the mid to late teens • Men peak in late teens into early 20’s

  9. The influence of the growing skeleton • Growth plate injury • Compression – load bearing in support • Shear – rotational stress • Traction – take off landing and swing. • Trauma • Ligamentous • Bony

  10. Epiphyseal (Salter Harris) fracture

  11. Avulsion fracture

  12. Buckle (Torus) fracture of the proximal radius

  13. Plastic Bending fracture

  14. The At Risk Spine

  15. Source of back pain • Bone stress reaction – pars stress # - end plate # • Spondylolysthesis • Ligamentous stress • Annular stress and loss of disc integrity • Zygapophyseal stress • Muscle strain

  16. Shoulder and upper quadrant

  17. Shoulder and upper quadrant • Impingement • Labral • Rotator cuff • Tendon rupture • Rotator cuff • Biceps • Pectoralis major

  18. Elbow wrist and hand

  19. Physeal stress Physeal arrest Scaphoid impaction Scaphoid stress # Ulnar impaction Avascular necrosis of the capitate Carpal chondromalacia Dorsal impingement/capsulitis Tears of the triangular fibro cartilage Carpal instability Distal radio ulnar instability Clinical problems at the wrist

  20. Anterior Posterior

  21. Forearm • Pommel arm • Compartment like syndrome of the forearm

  22. Injury potential in the lower limb • Take off • Landing • Rebound

  23. Soft tissue • Achilles tendon • Anterior knee pain syndromes • Muscle trauma

  24. Bony Injury • Traction apophysisitis • Bone bruising • Osteochondritis dissecans • Chondral defect

  25. Bone bruise of the femoral condyle

  26. Chondral defect of the talus

  27. Summary • Gymnastics is a potentially a high risk sport • The growing body is at risk of injury if progression is not judiciously managed • Gymnastics can provide positive benefits for motor skills and bone health

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