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This chapter explores the affective/psychological domain in sports and exercise, including the distinction between trait and state measures, uni-dimensional and multi-dimensional measurement approaches, and cautions regarding measurement errors. It further discusses the use of qualitative and quantitative methods, Likert scales, observation, and semantic differential scales. Various scales used in sport and exercise psychology, as well as general psychological scales, are also examined. The importance of reliability and validity in psychological testing is highlighted.
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Chapter 12 Psychological Measurements in Sports and Exercise Robert S. Weinberg Miami University
Affective/Psychological Domain Trait versus state General versus sport specific Dimensionality Uni-dimensional Multi-dimensional
Cautions Measurement errors One's own knowledge Team selection Test purpose Participant feedback
Measurement in the Affective Domain Qualitative Quantitative Interviews Likert Observation Semantic differential
Table 12.3 Semantic Differential Scales for Measuring Attitudes Toward Physical Activity
Semantic Differential Evaluation Pleasant Unpleasant Fair Unfair Honest Dishonest Good Bad Successful Unsuccessful Useful Useless
Semantic Differential Potency Strong Weak Hard Soft Heavy Light Dominant Submissive Rugged Delicate Dirty Clean
Semantic Differential Activity Steady Nervous Happy Sad Active Passive Dynamic Static Stationary Moving Fast Slow
Scales Used in Sport and Exercise Psychology Sport Competition Anxiety Scale Competitive State Anxiety Inventory - 2 Attitudes Toward Physical Activity Children's Attitude Toward Physical Activity Physical Estimation and Attraction Scale Trait and State Sport Confidence Inventories Group Environment Questionnaire
Kenyon’s Attitude TowardPhysical Activity (ATPA) Social experience Health and fitness Pursuit of vertigo Aesthetic experience Catharsis Ascetic experience
General Psychological Scales Used in Sport and Exercise Self-Motivation Inventory Profile of Mood States Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style
Stages of Change for Exercise and Physical Activity Precontemplation No intention to change behavior ContemplationIntention to change behavior PreparationPreparing for action ActionInvolved in behavior change MaintenanceSustain behavior change
Big Issue in Psychological Testing Reliability & Validity