Attitude Instrument Flying

1. Attitude Instrument Flying Chapter 2, Section B

2. Fundamental Skills • Cross Check • Instrument Interpretation • Aircraft Control

3. Instrument Cross-check • Scanning Techniques • Frequent Errors • Fixation • Omission • Emphasis

5. Instrument Interpretation • Know what each instrument is capable of telling you

6. Aircraft Control • Action taken after cross check and interpretation of instruments • Maintain a light touch on the controls • Use of trim will result in only needing gentle pressure on the controls

7. Attitude Instrument Flying Concepts • Control/Performance Concept • Primary / Support Concept

8. Primary / Supporting Concept • Pitch Instruments • Bank Instruments • Power Instruments

9. Pitch Instruments • ASI • AI • Altimeter • VSI

10. Bank Instruments • AI • T & B • HI

11. Power Instruments • ASI • Tachometer • Manifold Pressure

12. Basic Flight Maneuvers • Primary Instruments • Provide most essential information • Secondary Instruments • “Backs up” primary instruments • For any configuration, there is one primary instrument for pitch, bank, and power. • In transitioning to a configuration, AI is often primary.

13. Straight and Level • Primary • Pitch instrument • Altimeter • Bank Instrument • Heading Indicator • Power Instrument • ASI

14. Straight and Level • Secondary • Pitch instruments • VSI • AI • Bank Instruments • T & B • AI • Power Instrument • Tachometer

15. Standard Rate Turns • Primary • Pitch instrument • Altimeter • Bank Instrument • T & B (after established) • Power Instrument • ASI

16. Standard Rate Turns • Secondary • Pitch instruments • VSI • AI • Bank Instruments • AI (after established) • Power Instrument • ASI

17. Steep Turns • Primary • Pitch instrument • Altimeter • Bank Instrument • AI • Power Instrument • ASI

18. Steep Turns • Secondary • Pitch instruments • VSI • Bank Instruments • T & B • Power Instrument • Tachometer

19. Constant Airspeed Climbs/Descents • Primary • Pitch instrument • ASI • Bank Instrument • HI • Power Instrument • Tachometer

20. Constant Airspeed Climbs/Descents • Secondary • Pitch instruments • Bank Instruments • Power Instrument

21. Constant Rate Climbs/Descents • Primary • Pitch instrument • VSI • Bank Instrument • HI • Power Instrument • ASI

22. Constant Rate Climbs/Descents • Secondary • Pitch instruments • Bank Instruments • Power Instrument

23. Other Configurations • Constant speed climbing standard rate turn • Constant rate descending standard rate turn • etc

24. Instrument Failure • Any instrument may fail separately • In addition, any system may fail. • Vacuum system failure • Electrical system failure • Pitot system failure • Static system failure

25. Partial Panel Flying - Vacuum Failure • Fly by reference to remaining instruments • Where HI was used, substitute compass • Cover up failed instruments

26. Unusual Attitude Recovery • Partial Panel • If in a spin, how do you know which rudder is appropriate?

27. Control / Performance Concept • High Performance Aircraft • Relies Heavily on AI • Power + Pitch = Performance

28. Control / Performance Concept • Control Instruments • AI, Power Instruments • Performance Instruments • HI, ASI, ALT, VSI, T & B • Navigation Instruments • CDI, DME, etc