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English Exploration: Motives and Consequences

Explore the 5 key reasons behind English colonization, from economics and social aspirations to political freedom, religious reform, and rivalry with Spain. Learn about major figures like Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII, and the dramatic defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 that shaped England's destiny.

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English Exploration: Motives and Consequences

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  1. English Colonization 5 REASONS FOR ENGLISH EXPLORATION

  2. 1. Economics: TO MAKE MONEY • A. Mercantilism: an economic system of trade • – OR – • Colonies existing for the benefit of the mother country

  3. B. New merchant class of people wanted to get rich through overseas trade. C. Middle/lower class: wanted a better life because they could not afford to live in England. D. Unemployed farmers: wanted to own land

  4. 2. SOCIAL A. Workers/Farmers: wanted to move up the social ladder. B. English leaders: colonies were a safety valve – a place to send criminals or people causing religious problems.

  5. 3. POLITICAL A. English subjects: wanted political freedom WHY?????? Kings ruled by divine right; this took away political freedoms from the citizens.

  6. 4. RELIGIOUSdominant religion - Roman Catholic PROTESTANT REFORMATION: People spoke up to protest or reform (change) the Catholic Church 3 MAJOR FIGURES

  7. MARTIN LUTHER (1517) • Catholic monk who wanted to reform the Catholic church- posted 95 thesis that criticized practices in the church. • EFFECT: split church: CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT

  8. JOHN CALVIN (1530s) • He believed in Predestination (CALVINISM) - belief that God has chosen to send certain people to heaven and the remainder to hell. - Decision is said to take place before the universe was created and is purely random.

  9. KING HENRY VIII (1534)ENGLAND • Split with the Catholic church and developed his own church: ANGLICAN CHURCH

  10. 5. RIVALRY WITH SPAIN VS. • WHY????? • a. Spanish colonies were very successful in bringing wealth and pride to Spain • b. Religious issues (Catholic vs. Protestant)

  11. BRITISH PLAN!! • English “Sea Dogs” attacked Spanish ships and ports stealing their gold and silver and returning to England • Sir Francis Drake (most successful Sea Dog) England attacked Spain for 3 years

  12. SPANISH REVENGE1588 • Spanish King Phillip II sent the Spanish Armada (most powerful navy in the world) to conquer England. • Fought battle in the English channel; smaller faster English ships defeated the Armada • Armada was really hurt by a strong storm • Only 67 out of 130 ships made it back to Spain • DEFEAT OF THE SPANISH ARMADA

  13. Pictures representing the defeat of the Spanish Armada

  14. EFFECT • a. England would remain independent and Protestant • b. Spain’s image was tarnished- they could be defeated • c. Opened up seas for England- leading to colonization

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