ENGLISH COLONIZATION

1. ENGLISH COLONIZATION Northern, Middle, and Southern Colonies

2. Mercantilism • Colonists are to provide cheap raw materials to the Parent Country • Colonies purchase finished goods from parent country

3. Roanoke • 1584 Sir Walter Raleigh given a land grant • Expedition landed on Roanoke in 1587 led by John White • 1590 Colony abandoned

4. Rights Transferred • Charter of the Virginia Company • Guaranteed the same rights to colonists in the New World as they had in England under the Bill of Rights • Provision of Rights will be found in future documents

5. Jamestown 1607 • 104 Men made up of landless gentry will go to the colony • Funded by the joint-stock company, London Company, later the Virginia Company expected a return on their investment • Originally governed by John Smith who imposed harsh rules and curfews on the colonists

6. Change in Leadership • Lord De La Warr lands in Jamestown in 1610 as colonists are attempting to leave • He imposes strict laws and rules, but only lasts one year • Sir Thomas Gates replaces De La Warr – he must make the colony profitable

7. The Starving Time :1607: 104 colonists • By spring, 1608: 38 survived • 1609: 300 more immigrants • By spring, 1610: 60 survived • 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants • 1624 population: 1,200 • Adult life expectancy: 40 years • Death of children before age 5: 80%

10. Jamestown Economy • 1612 John Rolfe successfully cultivates a strain of tobacco which ensures the Virginia Company will continue funding the Colony • By 1616 Virginia Company turns profit • Labor intensive crop requires many workers – mostly unskilled labor

11. The Work Force • Powhatan’s not a viable labor force • Headright System • Indentured Servants • Slaves

12. Virginia Grows Up • 1619 House of Burgesses takes office – included an elected representative from the Colonies • 1642 Sir William Berkeley enters Virginia • 1670 – Clash between Western and Eastern portion of Virginia

13. Status Change • 1624 English courts dissolve the Virginia Company which teeters on edge of bankruptcy due to incompetence • Virginia becomes a Royal Colony • Settlers are now able to purchase land and farm for their own profit – not the company profit

14. English RightsThe Magna Cara • First drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury in 1215 • Was intended to create peace between King John and the Nobles • Gave Nobles rights and protected English from false imprisonment

15. Powhatan Confederacy • Powhatan dominated a few dozen small tribes in the James River area when the English arrived. • The English called allIndians in the areaPowhatans. • Powhatan probably sawthe English as allies in his struggles to control other Indian tribes in the region

18. Bacon’s Rebellion • Indentures promised land upon completion of Indenture • Land was finite resource • Nathaniel Bacon leads “Rabble” against the Eastern Aristocrats • Change from white indentures to black slaves

19. The Triangular Trade • By 1700 All 13 colonies had slaves • Slave populations were higher in the Chesapeake and South Carolina • Common trade goods included sugar, rum, slaves, and furs – the most common was the sugar, rum, and slaves

21. Plantation Slavery • Not the norm for the majority of the slave and white populations • Most slave holders had fewer then five slaves • Large plantations developed an intricate system that included overseers, housing separate from white indentured servant women

22. Plantation Slavery Cont’d • Africans most generally went to the Caribbean for a “seasoning” process • Arrived in colonies carrying with them cultural practices from Africa • Strong family structures • Gullah language thrives in SC a combination of Swahili and English

23. Maryland • Second Lord Baltimore retains land Proprietary grant given to his father to create a colony in the New World • Intends for colony to be a safe haven for Catholics • Tobacco growth causes an economic explosion and need for labor

24. Settlement in Maryland • Indentured Servants – Majority of Indentures were Protestant • Protestants quickly outnumber Catholics • 1649 Maryland Toleration Acts • Former Indentures from Virginia settle in Maryland

26. Puritan Colonies • November, 1620, the Puritans landed in New England in the Cape Cod area, then moved to Plymouth (after city they had sailed from) • Pilgrims--radical group of Puritans • Followers of Calvin--called themselves Congregationalists • This group belonged to Separatists, who believed that only by separating from Church of England could they find a pure religion

27. The Puritan’s Cont’d • Under Puritan vision, the center of their communities would be the Congregational church • membership in church required being recognized as a "Revealed Saint"--explain the process of the conversion relation • everyone required to attend services and pay tithes even if not a member (banishment from church services basically put a person outside of acceptable society) • control of the church in hands of all male "saints"

28. Plymouth

29. The First Year • Winter of 1620-1621 • Only 44 out of the original 102 survived. • None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back. • Fall of 1621  First “Thanksgiving.” • Colony survived with fur [especially beaver], fish, and lumber. • Merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony

30. The First Year Continued • Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant. • 1691  only 7,000 people

31. William Bradford • Elected Governor 30 times • Concerned about non Puritan communities springing up and corrupting the “Saints”

32. Colonizing New England

33. “City upon a Hill” • John Winthrop and "City upon a Hill" • 1630, John Winthrop came as head of 700 settlers to New England--most settlers came from middling merchant or farm families • While on board ship, he preached a sermon titled "A Model of Christian Charity"--which sets out his vision for the new colony • Winthrop wanted to build a godly community which would stand as a city on a hill, thus shaming England's church people to reform

34. Massachussetts Bay Colony • 1629  non-Separatists got a royal charter to form the MA Bay Co. • Wanted to escape attacks by conservatives in the Church of England. • They didn’t want to leave the Church, just its “impurities.” • 1630  1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships • Established a colony with Boston as its hub.

35. Puritan Migration • “Great Migration” of the 1630s • Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America. • Not all Puritans  20,000 came to MA.

36. John Winthrop • Took advantage of an error in the Royal Charter of the Massachusetts Company • Charter of Joint Stock Company did not say the home office would be in England • Winthrop took charter with him – transferring government authority to the Colony • Colony was self-governing

37. New England Colonies Spread

38. Middle Colonies

39. Wampanoag • Suffered from a bacterial infection that wiped out large populations • Their decimated numbers allowed Massachussets Bay Colony to be created Praying Towns – Established to convert the Natives to Puritan religion and culture • Leads to King Phillip’s War

40. King Phillip’s War • Metacom – second son of Massasoit (Wampanoag) • Leads a rebellion after Puritans in Plymouth hang three Wampanoag’s for killing a Christian from their tribe • Considered to be the bloodiest war between the Natives and colonists of New England

41. Outcome of King Phillip’s War • Emergence of a new European/American Identity • New Englander’s fight without the assistance of the Crown or the Crowns’ resources

44. Social Structure • Family units migrating • Diverse cultures – German, English, Dutch, African, Native American • Strong Religious groups