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CLASSIFICATION

Explore the classification of organisms into related groups based on similarities and evolutionary history. Learn about the history of classification, the use of scientific names, and the importance of organizing diversity. Discover the seven levels of organization and the six kingdoms of life.

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CLASSIFICATION

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  1. CLASSIFICATION Organization of things/organisms into related groups based on similarities

  2. Taxonomy • Branch of Biology concerned with… • Grouping and naming of organisms according to characteristics and evolutionary history

  3. HISTORY-ARISTOTLE • First to classify organisms • Greek Philosopher • 350 B.C.

  4. Plants BY SIZE Trees Shrubs Herbs Animals BY HABITAT Water Land Air Aristotle’s Classification

  5. Carolus Linnaeus 1700’s • Swedish botanist • Parents wanted him to be a priest like father • Studied medicine and many other things • Noted for being instrumental in classifying organisms

  6. Linnaeus and Classification • Used morphology (form and structure) to group Ex- flowering plant’s reproductive systems – asexual or sexual reproduction • 2 groups - plants and animals • Used Scientific Names ( Latin) • Binomial Nomenclature: 2 name naming system • Genus and species

  7. Why Latin? • Language of educated in his day • Still use it because no longer spoken language so it will never change • No slang words • Universal understanding

  8. What is it? • Cougar, Puma, Panther, Mountain Lion, Catamount

  9. Common Name -Common Name -confusing/misleading Ex. Polecat -doesn’t show relationships -more than one name

  10. Scientific Name • Latin • Standard name • -show relationships • Ex: Felis concolorPuma concolor • Italics or underline • Genus capitalized

  11. Why Classify? • 1. Shows relationships between living and once living things • 2. Brings order to diversity • 3. Explains evolutionary patterns • 4. Gives organisms specific names • 5. Provides means to identify unknown organisms

  12. Classification Categories (taxa)7 levels of organization • Each one is smaller than the previous one (fewer types of organisms) Kingdom Phylum Class Order- Family Genus Species-single organism that can reproduce with one another Varieties -subset of species - peaches, nectarines Subvarieties-variation of a species in diff geographic areas

  13. Human Taxa • Kingdom animalia • Phylum chordata • Class mammalia • Order primate • Family hominidae • Genus Homo • Species sapiens

  14. Use of Evolution to determine Relationships • Check it out!!

  15. Phylogenic Trees • Shows evolutionary history of species • Determined by shared characteristics: structures: larval forms and embryos biochemistry: # amino acids in common behavior patterns: habitats and mating calls cell organization: prokaryote/eukaryote

  16. Problems with classifying • Many organisms have similar structure • Isolation may make organisms unique • New discoveries made constantly • Organisms may fit into more than one category • Man-made system (human error)

  17. Linking organisms together • The more categories in common the closer the relationships

  18. 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plants Animals

  19. Key Terms • Prokaryote- unicellular, without membrane bound organelles, no true nucleus • Eukaryote-organism with membrane bound organelles • Autotroph-organism capable of making organic nutrients directly from inorganic • Hetertroph- organism that gets energy from other sources other than itself

  20. Monerans ( 5 kingdom system) Archaebacteria ( in 6 kingdom) Eubacteria ( in 6 kingdom)

  21. Archaebacteria • Unicellular, prokaryote, anaerobic, and aerobic • Adapted to extreme environments (temp, acidity, salinity) • Binary fission • Some autotrophic (chemosynthesis)

  22. Eubacteria • Unicellular, prokaryotes, anaerobic and aerobic • Binary fission • Heterotrophs , some photosynthetic or chemosynthetic • Cell walls (different from plants) • Bacteria and blue green bacteria

  23. Protista • Eukaryotes (membrane bound organelles) • Single celled and multicellular • Plant-like, fungus-like, animal-like • Lack specialized tissue • Live in moist areas • Autotrophic and heterotrophic • Some with cell walls • Sexual and asexual reproduction • Ex: amoeba, paramecium, euglena algae

  24. Fungus • Heterotrophic, unicellular (yeast) and multicellular eukaryotes • Absorbs nutrients-dead matter • Cell wall chitin • Sexual/asexual reproduction • Mostly terrestrial • Ex: mushrooms, puffballs, rusts, smuts, mildew, mold

  25. Plantae • Multicellular, autotrophic, eukaryotic • Mostly terrestrial • Specialized tissues and organs • Cell walls of cellulose • Chlorophyll in chloroplasts • Alternation of generations between diploid and haploid • Ex: moss, ferns, conifers, flowering plants

  26. Animalia • Multicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotes • Specialized tissues, some have organs and organ systems • Nutrition by ingestion • Sexual reproduction based on meiosis • No cell walls or chloroplasts • Sensory structures or organs • Muscle systems for movement • Aquatic or terrestrial

  27. Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.

  28. Don’t forget: You can copy-paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.

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