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Do Now

Do Now. Turn to the next front-side page in your notebook Create a title page for our new unit by writing in large letters: Unit 5 American Government Draw 5 small illustrations with captions/titles on your page about what comes to mind with this unit title.

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Do Now

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  1. Do Now • Turn to the next front-side page in your notebook • Create a title page for our new unit by writing in large letters: Unit 5 American Government Draw 5 small illustrations with captions/titles on your page about what comes to mind with this unit title

  2. On the back side of your title page… • Respond to this prompt: • Describe a time when you have ever tried something and failed. In other words… you were no good at it, or it didn’t work out, or you had to re-try at it before it worked? • What did you do to remedy/fix the situation?

  3. Articles of Confederation:TheUnited States of America’s first government

  4. Background Information about the A of C • The Articles of Confederation was the government of the United States from July 1776 (after the DOI was signed) until May 1787 • The A of C governed America for 11 years • The A of C created a “loose league of friendship” or a “confederation” among the 13 states • The national government was run by Congress, in which each state had 1 vote • Under the A of C, the state governments were more powerful than the national government • Making the states more powerful than the nation caused the failure of the A of C

  5. What went well under the A of C? 1. Fighting and winning the American Revolutionary War. 2. Congress organized the Northwest Territory and created the Northwest Ordinance, which set up public schools and banned slavery in the western lands. The Northwest Territory included all western land between the Great Lakes and the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

  6. What didn’t go well under the A of C? • The states had more power than the national government. Why would this be a problem? • Only the states could tax people. If Congress asked the states for money, they could say no. Why would this be a problem? • Congress didn’t have the power to draft an army. If Congress asked the states for soldiers, they could say no. Why would this be a problem? 4. Each state printed its own money. There was no national currency. Why would this be a problem? 5. There was no national court system, and Congress didn’t have the power to resolve differences between the states. Why would this be a problem? 6. Laws needed approval by 9 of 13 states. Why would this be a problem? 7. Congress didn’t have the power to collect the state debts owed the national government. Why would this be a problem?

  7. What happened to the A of C? • In May of 1787, all 13 states sent delegates to Philadelphia to fix the Articles of Confederation. • Instead, the Founding Fathers decided a stronger national government was needed, and they wrote the Constitution!

  8. SPELL-OUT for the A of C • Turn to the next clean sheet in your notebook. • Title it with the title above. • Then spell out the word “Articles” going down the left side of your paper, leaving a few lines in between each letter. • For each of the letters, write a sentence that begins with that letter- AND explains a problem with the A of C. • There are 7 problems and 8 letters- so one of your letters you will use as a “summary” statement. A R T I C L E S

  9. The Constitutional Convention of 1787

  10. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1787 • ISSUE 1: How will states be represented in the government? Virginia Plan • How many branches of government? • 3 Branches in National Government: Legislative, Executive, Judicial • How many houses/parts for the Legislative branch called Congress? • Legislative branch (Congress) would be divided into 2 houses (bicameral) • Senate and House of Representatives • How would the number of representatives be determined? • States would send representatives to the Senate and House based on state population • For example: for every 10,000 people the state would get 1 representative • So the bigger the state population, the more representatives in Congress Which states would support this plan?

  11. THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1787 Issue 1: How will states be represented in the government? New Jersey Plan • How many branches of government? • National government = 3 branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) • How many houses in the Legislative branch (Congress)? • Legislative branch (Congress) = 1 house (unicameral) • How would the number of representatives be determined? • Every state would send the same number of representatives (no matter the size of the state population) Which states would support this idea?

  12. Issue 1 Resolution: The Great Compromise • The delegates to the Constitutional Convention compromised with a new plan: The Great Compromise • National (Federal) government = 3 branches (Legislative, Executive, Judicial) • Legislative branch (Congress) = bicameral: (Two Houses/Two Parts) • Senate = equal representation (2 per state no matter the size of the state population) • House of Representatives = representation based on state population (so larger population states get more reps)

  13. Issue 2: How should slaves be counted? • If state population mattered for representation in Congress, the question arose: Should slaves be counted as part of a state’s population? If so, how should they count? • Two sides of the debate: People and Property • By 1787 = 700,000 slaves in US and 90% of them (or 630,000) lived in the South People: Even though slaves are not always treated like people, they still are people who live in a state and so they should be counted as people when determining a state’s population…and, therefore, when determining the number of representatives the state got to send to Congress. Would the Northern or the Southern states support this plan? Property: Slaves are not treated like people, they are treated like property, so they should be counted as property and NOT counted as part of a state’s population…and therefore, should not be considered when determining representation in Congress. Would the Northern or Southern states support this plan?

  14. Issue 2 Resolution: The Three-Fifths Compromise • The delegates to the Constitutional Convention compromised by creating a new plan: The Three-Fifths (3/5) compromise • Slaves would be counted for the state’s population, but not at 100% • When a state’s population was determined, slaves would be counted as 3/5 (60%) of 1 white person • In other words, 5 slaves = 3 people • (so… 30 slaves = ? people) • Neither side particularly loved this compromise, so two other parts were added to the plan to make it better for both the Northern states and the Southern states…

  15. Issue 2 Resolution: The Three-Fifths Compromise (continued) • For the North: compromise stated the slave trade-importing slaves from another country- would have to end in 1807 • For the South: The compromise also included the Fugitive Slave Clause which said that runaway slaves had to be returned to their owners even if they had escaped to a free state

  16. Turn to the next page in your notebook • Title the page: 3 Branches of Government • Divide your paper into 3 columns • Head each column with one of the three branches names • To the best of your ability, jot down any information you know about each branch • For example: • Who/what people are in that branch of government? • What are the responsibilities/jobs of that branch of government?

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