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Understanding DNA Structure and Genetic Mechanisms

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Explore the fascinating world of DNA with our comprehensive review of key concepts. Discover the double helix structure of DNA, learn what deoxyribonucleic acid stands for, and understand the roles of different RNA types, including tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA. Dive into the processes of transcription and translation, and unravel the significance of mutations in genetics. Gain insights into polypeptides, codons, promoters, and DNA's crucial role in heredity and cellular function. Join us on this journey through the building blocks of life!

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Understanding DNA Structure and Genetic Mechanisms

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  1. FINAL JEOPARDY

  2. What is the name for the “twisted ladder” shape of DNA? • Double Helix 

  3. What does DNA stand for? • Deoxyribonucleic Acid 

  4. The percentages of Adenine is equal to _________ in a DNA molecule • Thymine 

  5. What conclusion did Frederick Griffith draw from his experiments? • Some factor, possibly a gene, was transferred from the heat-killed bacteria into the live cells 

  6. True/False: Nucleotides must be joined in a specific order • False 

  7. True False: RNA is double stranded • False 

  8. What does tRNA stand for? • Transfer RNA 

  9. Give 1 similarity RNA has to DNA • Answers may vary 

  10. Give 1 difference RNA has to DNA • Answers may vary 

  11. Give 2 of the 3 types of RNA and their function • mRNA • rRNA • tRNA 

  12. Each genetic code is read ___ letters at a time • 3 

  13. What is a polypeptide? • Multiple amino acids chained together 

  14. What is the genetic code for Tryptophan? • UGG 

  15. What is translation? • The RNA codes are read to form amino acids and create a polypeptide 

  16. What is a mutation? • A heritable change in genetic information 

  17. What are base pairs? • 12 

  18. What are promoters? • Regions of DNA that have specific base sequence to tell where RNA needs to start being made 

  19. What is a codon? • A 3 letter code that corresponds to a single Amino Acid 

  20. What is RNA polymerase • An enzyme that binds to DNA to separate DNA during transcription 

  21. What is transcription? • Segments of DNA serve as templates to produce complementary RNA 

  22. Stretching of ligaments. In severe cases, tearing of ligaments • Sprain 

  23. Occurs from sudden snap of the head (forward or backward) • Whiplash / Cervical Sprain 

  24. Inflammation of tendons in the wrist. Limited space causes nerve impingement, numbness and pain • Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 

  25. What is the UCL? • Ulnar Collateral Ligament. Holds humerus and ulna together 

  26. What is the surgery required to repair a UCL tear? • Tommy John Surgery 

  27. List 2 countries that span 2 continents • Azerbaijan • Georgia • Kazakhstan • Russia • Turkey • Egypt

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