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Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue

Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue. Cellular Respiration - Hypertrophy. Cellular Respiration. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 + 6H 2 O  6CO 2 + 12H 2 0. Glycolysis Anaerobic respiration (no oxygen) Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid Too much pyruvic acid leads to lactic acid buildup

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Chapter 9 Muscles and Muscle Tissue

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  1. Chapter 9Muscles and Muscle Tissue Cellular Respiration - Hypertrophy

  2. Cellular Respiration • C6H12O6 +6O2 + 6H2O  6CO2 + 12H20 • Glycolysis • Anaerobic respiration (no oxygen) • Breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid • Too much pyruvic acid leads to lactic acid buildup • Occurs in the cytoplasm • Generates a net gain of 2 ATP

  3. Cellular Respiration • C6H12O6 +6O2 + 6H2O  6CO2 + 12H20 • Mitochondrial ATP production • Aerobic respiration (oxygen) • Takes place inside the mitochondria • Beakdown of pyruvic acid into hydrogen and carbon dioxide • Hydrogen then goes on to make H2O • Generates a net gain of 34 ATP

  4. Creatine Phosphate • During exercise, the demand for ATP soars and is used up quickly. • Creatine phosphate (CP) helps to quickly restore ADP into ATP • Together this gives muscles the ability to contract maximally for about 15 s (short bursts of activity) • Muscle cells store 4-5x’s as much CP as ATP CP + ADP  C + ATP

  5. Creatine Supplementation • Synthesized in body and derived from food • Adults need to ingest 2gdaily to replace what is lost through urination. • Some studies have shownimproved performance during intense exercise if taken a supplement • More muscle mass, lifting gains, sprinting performance • Other studies have failed to show performance-enhancing effects • Ingestingextracreatinedecreases body’s own synthesis. It is not known if given time the body can recover this natural synthesis.

  6. Muscle Fatigue • Inability of a muscle to contract forcefully after prolonged activity. • Even before this is actually reached the person generally has the “feeling” to stop the activity  thought to be a protective mechanism to prevent muscle damage  Central fatigue • Several factors contribute  low levels of ATP, calcium, creatine phosphate, oxygen, glycogen, other nutrients, and build up of lactic acid Ex. Writers cramp

  7. Oxygen Debt • The extra amount of oxygen that must be taken in by the body after exercise. • Pay back or restore metabolic conditions to resting levels • Convert lactic acid  pyruvic acid  glycogen stores • Make creatine phosphate and ATP • Replace oxygen from the myoglobin

  8. Muscle Atrophy Muscle fiber size decreases because of loss of myofibrils Not a loss of muscle cells! • A- = without • -trophy = nourishment • Wasting away of muscles

  9. Muscle Atrophy • Occurs because muscle is not used (stimulated) • Begins as soon as muscle is immobilized • Muscle strength can decrease at a rate of 5% per day! • If too much atrophy occurs, damage is permanent

  10. Muscle Hypertrophy • Hyper- = above/excessive • -trophy = nourishment • Increase in the diameter of muscle fibers • Fibers are filled with more myofibrils, mitochondria, etc. • Results from very forceful, repetitive activity

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