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RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION

RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION. I. The Abolition of Slavery. Reasons for holding back Emancipation Did not want to drive slaveholding states to the confederacy Racism – would northerners fight for free blacks Personal doubts – could blacks and whites live together Emancipation

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RECONSTRUCTION AND RESTORATION

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  1. RECONSTRUCTIONAND RESTORATION

  2. I. The Abolition of Slavery • Reasons for holding back Emancipation • Did not want to drive slaveholding states to the confederacy • Racism – would northerners fight for free blacks • Personal doubts – could blacks and whites live together • Emancipation • Followed the Battle of Antietam • January 1, 1863 – declared all states in the Confederacy “forever free” • It did not free a single slave

  3. II. Effects of the War on Society • Role of Women • Women ran plantations in south • Women took over farms and factories in north • Devastation of the South • Most fighting took place in the south • Buildings and crops burned • Factories torn down

  4. III. Election of 1864 • Lincoln and Johnson (democrat) – Republicans • McClellan – Democrat • Sherman’s capture of Atlanta boosted northern support and Lincoln won • April 14, 1865 Lincoln assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

  5. IV. Problems Facing Post Civil War America • Political Re-entry of formerly rebellious states • Economic devastation of the south • Education and support of freedmen • Freedmen’s bureau • Provided food and clothing to former slaves • Opened schools • Helped obtain land

  6. V. Presidential Reconstruction • Abraham Lincoln • Wanted “malice toward none and charity toward all” • 10% Plan • Amnesty toward confederates taking an oath • If 10% of voters took the oath, statehood would be reinstated • Major goal: strengthen Republican party in South • Lincoln’s plan opposed • Congress believed plan to be to lenient • Wade-Davis Bill • Military governors rule southern states • Majority of citizens take loyalty oath • Attitude: South treated as conquered territory • Andrew Johnson • Did not favor any fundamental changes in the South • Refused to use federal power to ensure civil rights for blacks • Johnson’s plan • Conf. Leaders and Plantation owners would have to ask for presidential permission to take oath • 13th Amendment approved by state

  7. VI. Radical Reconstruction • Radical Republicans: group of legislators who wanted to punish the South and make major changes in the South • Goals • Establish Republican power in the South – black vote • Give protection of basic black rights • Reorganize government under loyalty • Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Abolish state governments and place states under military rule • States seeking admission had to ratify 14th and 15th amendments • Prevent former confederate officers from holding office • Impeachment of Andrew Johnson • Congress passed Tenure of Office Act (1867) • Johnson vetoed Congress; Congress vetoed Johnson’s plan • 1868, House brought articles of impeachment; vote fell one shy in Senate • Election of 1868 • Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) defeated Horatio Seymeour

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