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100 Volts

100 Volts. v o,x. 0 Volts. V(x ). 200. 150. 100. 50 Volts. 200 Volts. 50. x. coordinates. y. z. x. -200 Volts. 200 Volts. (note the perpendicular intersections). 10 V. 0 V. y. 10 V. 0 V. x. (line of symmetry is x-axis where y=0). y. (where the equipotential line

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100 Volts

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  1. 100 Volts vo,x 0 Volts

  2. V(x) 200 150 100 50 Volts 200 Volts 50 x

  3. coordinates y z x -200 Volts 200 Volts

  4. (note the perpendicular intersections) 10 V 0 V

  5. y 10 V 0 V x (line of symmetry is x-axis where y=0)

  6. y (where the equipotential line intersects the line of symmetry) 3 V 7 V 10 V 0 V x yields V(x,0) 10 5 x 0

  7. V(x,0) 10 5 x (cm) 0 yields Ex(x,0) 150 75 x (cm) 0

  8. U(x) potential energy negative slope (FNET to right) unstable equilibrium (FNET = 0) A B x C D positive slope (FNET to left) stable equilibrium (FNET = 0)

  9. U(x) potential energy D: FNETto right A: stable equilibrium C: unstable Equilibrium A B x C D B: FNETto left

  10. U(x) potential energy A B x C D

  11. V(x) electric potential x begin A B

  12. Radial electric vector field of a charged conducting circle y + x

  13. y y _ + x x

  14. y _ x

  15. y _ x

  16. U(x,y) potential energy dotted lines show constant energy y FNET to right and forward) x

  17. U(x,y) potential energy (dotted lines show constant energy: “equipotentials”) y (equipotentials closer where steepest) FNET to right and forward) x

  18. V(x,y) electric potential (potential energy per unit charge) dotted lines show constant electric potential solid lines show electric field + y arrow shows electric field direction on positive test charge + x E(x,y)

  19. + V(x,y) + + (dotted lines show constant electric potential) y (solid lines show electric field) + (arrow shows force on test charge) x

  20. V(x,y) Electrical potential energy per unit charge (dotted lines show constant electric potential while solid lines show electric field) + y (equipotentials closer where steepest) x

  21. V(x,y) + (dotted lines show constant electric potential) y (solid lines show electric field) x

  22. V(x,y) dotted lines show constant electric potential solid lines show electric field + y x

  23. y + x

  24. y x

  25. y V=4 volts A q B x

  26. V=7 volts V=5 volts E=?

  27. V=7 volts V=5 volts E=? d = 2 cm

  28. Q must be estimated or measured with a protractor to calculate the legs (x and Y components of E). y 100 V/m 57 V/m Q = 35o 82 V/m x

  29. 75o 60o 45o 30o 15o 10o

  30. V(x,y) dotted lines show constant electric potential solid lines show electric field _ y arrow shows electric field direction on positive test charge + E(x,y) x

  31. V(x,y) y + x _

  32. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

  33. V I ACROSS SECTION L

  34. + + + + BATTERY BATTERY BATTERY BATTERY ITOTAL IA IB IC ID IE

  35. + BATTERY e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e (handle) (spinning paddle wheel) PUMP

  36. R R Vsource b c a d R R Vsource e h g f

  37. R R resistors in series Vsource Vsource R resistors in parallel R R R Vsource Vsource

  38. 3 V 6 W 3V 6 W 6 W

  39. + + BATTERY BATTERY current can never flow current may flow (depending on the properties of the ground) the ground the ground

  40. + BATTERY the ground

  41. _ _ + + 9-VOLT BATTERY 9-VOLT BATTERY

  42. + -

  43. Unmagnetized iron filings before being placed in magnetic field. N S S N S N S N N S

  44. ? S N Needle direction? Draw needle in compass circle. compass

  45. STOP PRELAB

  46. - + + - - + - + - + - + - - -

  47. Uncharged conducting coin grounded to Earth.

  48. + - - - - - - - - The presence of positive charge creates an electric field at the coin surface that attracts electrons from the Earth to negatively charge the coin.

  49. + - - - - Removing the grounding wire leaves the coin positively charged. The Earth is a giant reservoir of charge, we do not worry about the fact that it has some miniscule amount of excess positive charge.

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