Chapter 9: Slavery without Submission, Emancipation without Freedom

1. Chapter 9: Slavery without Submission, Emancipation without Freedom Tiffany Benedicto March 21, 2014 CH S 245-14003

2. Gabriel Prosser-1800 • Denmark Vasey-1822 • Nat Turner-1831 • Largest slave revolt in the US-near New Orleans in 1811. • 400-500+ slaves participated • 66 slaves were killed on the spot • 16 tried and shot Slave Rebellions

3. 1767-July 2, 1822 • Enslaved in South Carolina • A free man • Planned a large slave rebellion in 1822. • Plan: Burn Charleston, SC (at that time, 6th largest city in the nation) • Initiate a revolt of slaves in the area • Was betrayed and was hanged, along with 35 other blacks Denmark Vesey

4. October 2, 1800-November 11, 1831 • Was referred by “Turner,” the last name of his owner • Nat Turner’s Rebellion in Southampton County, VA in 1831 • Gathered 70 slaved and murdered at least 55 men, women and children • Captured when ammunition ran out • Nat Turner and about 18 others were hanged • Rebellion created panic in the South-security in South became tighter Local farmer Benjamin Phipps, capturing Nat Turner Nat Turner/Nat Turner’s Rebellion

5. 1820-March 10, 1913 • Born into slavery • Most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad • Made 19 trips back and forth, often disguised • Escorted more than 300 slaves to freedom • Was involved with John Brown and his plans but was not able to join him due to sickness • In one expedition, she freed 750 slaves • Her philosophy: "There was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other; for no man should take me alive...." Harriet Tubman

6. Circa February 1818-February 20, 1895 • Learned how to read and write • At age 21, he escaped to the North • Became the most famous black man of his time • Was a lecturer, newspaper editor, and writer • Wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass • Gave an Independence Day address in July 1852 regarding slavery • Wrote for The Liberator • Created his own newspaper, North Star in 1847 • Worked with John Brown but was against Brown’s plan Frederick Douglass

7. Passed in 1850 • Was created as a concession to southern states in return fro the admission of territories into the Union • Made it easier for slave owners to recapture ex-slaves or pick up blacks they claimed ran away • Resistance against the act was done by Northern blacks • Was signed by President Fillmore; supported by Senator Daniel Webster • Lincoln refused to denounce this law publicly. Fugitive Slave Act

8. May 9, 1800-December 2, 1859(Hanged) • Planned on seizing the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA and then set off a revolt in the South • Was told by Frederick Douglass that his plan would not work • Refused to surrender-barricaded himself in a small brick building • Stated when captured: "You had better-all you people at the South-prepare yourselves for a settlement of this question.. . . You may dispose of me very easily-I am nearly disposed of now, but this question is still to be settled,-this Negro question, I mean; the end of that is not yet." "I, John Brown, am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away but with blood." John Brown

9. Read the Constitution strictly due to the 10th Amendment, Congress could not bar slavery in the states • When delivering speeches, he spoke differently depending on the views of the audience • Elected President in 1860 as a candidate of the new Republican party • Delivered first Inaugural Address in March 1861 • Issued preliminary Emancipation Proclamation • Gave the South four months to stop rebelling • Threatened to emancipate their slaves if they continued fighting • Promised to leave slavery untouched if states went over to the North Abraham Lincoln

10. Lincoln initiated hostilities to repossess states that had seceded from the Union after his election Confederacy was formed=Civil War • Bloodiest was in human history up to that time • 600,000 dead on both sides in a population of 30 million • Blacks living in the South became a hindrance • This helped the North • “Before I’d be a slave, I’d be buried in my grave, and go home to my Lord and be saved.” • Spiritual messages said by slaves during the war Civil War

11. Circa 1797-November 26, 1883 • Was active in women’s rights movement • Recruiter of black troops for the Union army • Spoke at the Fourth National Woman’s Rights Convention in 1853 in New York City • “I suppose I am about the only colored woman the goes about to speak to for the rights of the colored women. I want to keep the thing stirring, now that the ice is cracked…” Sojourner Truth

12. Passed in July 1862 • Enabled the freeing of slaves of those fighting the Union • Was not enforced by the generals • Lincoln ignored the non-enforcement • Any property confiscated during the war under this act would revert to the heirs of the Confederate owners Confiscation Act

13. Issued January 1, 1863 • Declared slaves free in areas fighting against the Union • Didn’t mention anything about slaves behind Union lines • Spurred antislavery forces • By summer 1864, 400,000 signatures asking to end slavery was gathered and sent to Congress • Following this, Thirteenth Amendment was adopted by the senate in April 1865 • Thirteenth Amendment declared an end to slavery • Blacks were now able to join the Union army Emancipation Proclamation

14. Signed by President Davis of the Confederacy in early 1865 • Authorizes the enlistment of slaves as soldiers and freed by consent of their owners and state governments • Had no significant effect-war ended Negro Soldier Law

15. Period after the Civil War • 13th Amendment-outlawed slavery • 14th Amendment-declared that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” were citizens • 15th Amendment-”The right of citizens of the United Stated to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” • Several laws were passed and enforced in the 1860s and 1870s making it a crime to deprive Negroes of rights • 1875-Civil Rights Act • Outlaws exclusion of negroes from hotels, theaters, railroads, and other public areas • 1876-Schooling • 70,000 Negro children attended school Reconstruction Period

16. Zinn, H. (2005) A People’s History of the United States. Available from iBooks version 3.2 References