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Chapter 8: Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings

1801-1824. Chapter 8: Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings. Section 1. Focus Question: How did Jefferson’s philosophy shape policy towards public spending, the judiciary, and Louisiana? Big Picture: Cut down spending FED controls Judiciary LA Purchase. The Revolution of 1800?.

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Chapter 8: Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings

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  1. 1801-1824 Chapter 8: Jeffersonianism and the Era of Good Feelings

  2. Section 1 Focus Question: • How did Jefferson’s philosophy shape policy towards public spending, the judiciary, and Louisiana? Big Picture: • Cut down spending • FED controls Judiciary • LA Purchase

  3. The Revolution of 1800? Jefferson called his election a revolution What is a revolution?

  4. The Revolution of 1800? How were Jefferson’s views different from John Adams (his predecessor)?

  5. The Election of 1800 • Election of 1800 was viciously contested • Federalist threatened a civil war if Jefferson was elected • Republicans accused John Adams of wanting to create a monarchy • However both Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr received 73 electoral votes

  6. The Election of 1800

  7. 1800 Election Results

  8. 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State 

  9. The Election of 1800 • Therefore it was a tie for the President • It was up to the House of representatives to decide and after 6 days of deadlock, Jefferson won • T o avoid this in the future, the 12th Amendment was added to the Constitution • Made electors vote separately for President and Vice President

  10. Jefferson’s Inauguration How did Jefferson make his election less aristocratic?

  11. “Let us, then, fellow-citizens, unite with one heart and one mind…every difference in opinion is not a difference in principle…We are all Republicans; we are all Federalists.” What does Jefferson’s address suggest about what happened during the election campaigns? What do you think Jefferson means by the phrase, “We are all republicans, we are all federalists…?”

  12. The Revolution of 1800: Spending • My Notes • Your Notes

  13. The Revolution of 1800: Structure • My Notes • Your Notes

  14. The Revolution of 1800: Judiciary • My Notes • Your Notes

  15. Revolution of 1800: Land • My Notes • Your Notes

  16. Marbury v. Madison John MarshallFederalist Judge chosen by John Adams Chief Justice Plaintiff Defendant William Marbury Federalist “midnight judge” appointed by Adams prior to leaving office. TJ ordered Madison to dismiss him, Marbury sued Madison claiming Judiciary Act of 1789. James Madison Secretary of State under TJ. Dismissed Marbury because Adams was trying to keep Federalist hold on the Supreme Court to rule against TJ. The Supreme Court’s Decision___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Importance of that Ruling __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  17. Ruling The Supreme Court’s Decision Judiciary Act of 1789 (SC reviews federal cases) unconstitutional. The act was from Congress and it is the Constitution who gives the SC direction. Marbury kept his apmt. Importance of that Ruling Established Judicial Review which allowed the SC to review any laws that Congress makes to ensure they are constitutional.

  18. The Beginnings of the LA Purchase: The Pinckney Treaty • By 1800 more than one million settlers lived between the Appalachian Mountains and Mississippi • Most settler were farmers and relied on Mississippi to ship their crops to the port at New Orleans

  19. The Pinckney Treaty • In 1795 U.S. negotiated the Pinckney Treaty • Guaranteed Americans’ rights to ship goods down the Mississippi and store goods in New Orleans

  20. A Secret Deal • In 1801, Spain secretly gave New Orleans and the Louisiana Territory to France • Jefferson worried about how Napoleon Bonaparte would rule the area

  21. 1802 the Governor of New Orleans stopped allowing Americans to ship their goods through New Orleans • Americans wanted to go to war • Jefferson decided to send James Monroe to Paris to buy New Orleans from the French

  22. Meanwhile on France’s End… • Meanwhile in Haiti, a revolution led by Toussaint L’Ouverture had driven the French out • Without Haiti, the French would not be able to defend Louisiana during a war • In France, another war between France and Britain was about to begin and the French needed money to fund it

  23. Napoleon's Offer • France offered to sell ALL OF THE LOUISIANA TERRITORY for $15 million (about 4 cents an acre) • Because it would take months to get Jefferson’s advice, Monroe accepted the offer • This agreement would almost double the size of the country and give the U.S. control of the Mississippi

  24. Jefferson’s Predicament • The Constitution nowhere states that the President has the power to buy land from a foreign country What should he do?

  25. Jefferson’s Predicament • Jefferson decided he could purchase the land because the Constitution said the president could make treaties • The Senate approved the treaty and Congress voted to pay for the land

  26. PSD: Jefferson to Lewis • Please use APPARTS to identify this PSD • Read pages 230 to 231 and answer the question in your journal

  27. The Election of 1804 • Background: • Candidates Jefferson (DR) & Charles Pinckney (F) ran for office. • Thomas Jefferson wins with 92% of EC votes • This victory will be short lived due to the revengeful Aaron Burr who tied Jefferson for EC votes in the Election of 1800 • During Jefferson’s second term, George Clinton was VP b/c DR feared Burr’s relationship with Federalists.

  28. Section 2 Focus Question: • What led James Madison to go to war with Britain in 1812? Big Picture: • American became a pawn to the FR. • Jefferson—keep together new land, Burr, & Republicans!

  29. Web Quest of Aaron Burr • Using the website: • Which to charges are being brought against Burr? • What evidence have you found that would allow John Marshall to convict him? • What evidence have you found that might prove his innocence? • How will his actions cause problems for Jefferson’s second term? • How does his actions lead towards conflict with foreign nations?

  30. The War of 1812 • Please read James Madison’s war message and record reasons that would prompt him to go to war with Britain. • In addition, add reasons from your guided reading that would support a war for Britain

  31. Causes of the War of 1812 • Under TJ • Under Madison

  32. Section 3 Focus Question • How did the War of 1812 influence American domestic policies? Big Picture • Weak AM Navy = land battle in Canada • BR used NA to scare off AM • AM lack of national unity to defend country.

  33. In June 1812, the U.S. Declared War on Britain The U.S. finds itself unprepared!! • Because of Jefferson’s earlier cuts of the government, the U.S. very weak • 16 warships and 7,000 soldiers (Britain had over 200 warships) The British are still in a war!! • The British had to fight the War of 1812 and the Napoleonic Wars at the same time What should our strategy be?

  34. The Tactics of Both Sides The U.S. • Invade British Territory in Canada • Gain control of the Great Lakes and keep control of the Mississippi The British • Blockade all U.S. ports to prevent supplies • Enlist the help of the Native Americans

  35. British Tactics

  36. Battles and Key Events

  37. The Invasion of Canada Fort Detroit • Attempted to invade Canada through Detroit • General William Hull began to retreat and was quickly surrounded by British soldiers andNative American warriors • This was a huge defeat for the U.S.-British captured over 2,000 soldiers

  38. Battles and Key Events

  39. The Invasion of Canada Lake Erie • Commander Oliver Hazard Perry led huge victory • British were forced to return to retreat to Canada • First time in history that an entire British Fleet was defeated and captured by the enemy

  40. The Invasion of Canada Thames • As British and Native American allies retreated, General William Henry Harrison and his troops pursued them • Followed British into Canada and defeated them

  41. Conflict in the South Horseshoe Bend • Andrew Jackson in command of U.S. forces in Georgia • Creek tribes had attacked American settlements • Jackson defeated them at Horseshoe Bend and forced them to give up millions of acres of land

  42. Final Battles Washington • In 1814, the British defeated Napoleon and could bring all their troops to the U.S. • Set fire to many government buildings including the White House Dolly Madison

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