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Chapter 18: The Muslim World Expands 1300-1700

Chapter 18: The Muslim World Expands 1300-1700. Vocabulary I . Ottoman : Followers of Osman Sultan : Overlord/One with Power: Title for rulers of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Lawgiver : Leader of the Ottoman Empire through its Golden Age Janissary : Elite solider of the Ottoman Empire

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Chapter 18: The Muslim World Expands 1300-1700

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  1. Chapter 18: The Muslim World Expands 1300-1700

  2. Vocabulary I • Ottoman: Followers of Osman • Sultan: Overlord/One with Power: Title for rulers of the Ottoman Empire • Suleiman the Lawgiver: Leader of the Ottoman Empire through its Golden Age • Janissary: Elite solider of the Ottoman Empire • Mughal: Nomads who invaded the Indian Subcontinent in the 16th • Akbar: “Great One” leader of the Mughal Empire during its Golden Age • Taj Mahal: Beautiful tomb in Agra, India. Built by Shah Jahan for his wife MumtazMahal

  3. The Ottomans Build A Vast Empire Chapter 18:1

  4. Turks Settle in Christian Byzantium • Osman Establishes a State • Beginning in 1300, Ottoman Turks began to use gunpowder and cannons • By 1361, the Ottomans had conquered most of Byzantium • Powerful Sultans Spur Dramatic Expansion • Mehmet II Conquers Constantinople • City falls after five week siege, renamed Istanbul, became Islamic capital • Constantinople 1,000,000 vs. 50,000 (population decrease) • Why did Mehmet II want Constantinople? • Mankind: The Story of All of US • Effects of the Turks taking over Constantinople

  5. Suleiman the Lawgiver (Magnificent) • The Empire Reaches its Limits • Captured southeastern Europe, (Belgrade) • Finally stopped at Vienna • Highly Structured Social Organization • Sultan was at the top, backed by Islamic converts called janissaries • Freedom of religion was given to Christians and Jews • Many cultural achievements were made, including famous mosques • Creative Period like the Renaissance • Art, Architecture, Math, Science • Law Code: Criminal/Civil Laws

  6. Main Ideas • How did the Ottomans expand their empire? • Why was Suleiman called the Lawgiver? • How powerful was the Ottoman Empire compared to other empires of the time?

  7. The Mughal Empire In India Chapter: 18:3

  8. Early History of the Mughal Empire • Ongoing Conflicts • From 600 to 1000 AD, Arab Muslims conquered more and more Hindu territory • Constant Warfare • Babur founds an Empire • In 1526, he defeated the Sultan of Dehli, founding the Mughal Empire • 11 years old (Uzbekistan and Tajikistan) • Swept into India

  9. The Golden Age of Akbar (Grandson of Babur) • A Liberal Ruler • Though a Muslim, he strictly enforced religious freedom • A Military Conqueror • Expanded the Empire into central India, had 100 million people under his control • Social freedom for jobs • Income based tax system • A Flowering of Culture • Art became important, especially painting • Literacy increased, and new advances in architecture were made

  10. Akbar’s Successors (1605-1707) • Achievements of Successors • Expanded Mughal Empire to include almost all of Indian • Problems • Ended religious toleration of non-Muslims • Drained resources through constant warfare • Harsh rule turned people against Mughal rulers • Power of local lords and foreign merchants grew

  11. Shah Jahan • Akbar’s grandson • Loved two things: Beautiful Buildings/Wife (MumtzMahal) • Arranged Marriage • Died after 14th birth • Ordered a tomb, “as beautiful as she was beautiful” • 1,000 elephants used • 20,000 workers • 22 years • Changing lights=women’s mood change? • Marble, jewels, collapsing?

  12. Taj Mahal

  13. Main Ideas • How did Akbar demonstrate tolerance in his empire? • Why was the Taj Mahal built?

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